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Pharmacology > PHARMACOKINETICS > Flashcards

PHARMACOKINETICS Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the study of the movement of drugs within the body

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2
Q

what are the four processes

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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3
Q

Absorption

A

the movement of drug particles from the time it enters the body until it is in the bloodstream

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4
Q

Drug Route

A

how the drug gets into the body

a. enteral
b. parenteral
c. topical

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5
Q

Enteral

A

relating to the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus

a. buccal
b. sublingual
c. oral
d. stomach-G tube
e. Intestinal J-tube
f. rectal

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6
Q

Parenteral

A

injectable solutions, emulsions, suspensions

a. intradermal
b. subcutaneous
c. intramuscular
d. intravenous
e. epidural
f. intrathecal

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7
Q

Topical

A

applied to an epithelial surface

a. skin
b. eyes and ears
c. nose and lungs
d. vagina

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8
Q

Absorption depends on

A

a. dosage form and drug route
b. GI function
c. blood flow
d. status of absorptive surface
e. temp. food, disease, pain, stress, hunger, fasting, age

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9
Q

a.Bioavailability

A

the amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and the bioavailability =absorption-first pass effect often expressed as a percentage of the administered drug.

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10
Q

DISTRIBUTION

A

the transport by the circulatory system of a drug to the site of action, which is moving drugs through the body

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11
Q

a. blood flow

A

heart, liver, kidneys, and brain have good perfusion
liver 25%, kidneys 20%, brain 15%
skin and muscle have less circulation
bone and fat has little circulation

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12
Q

Polarity of the molecule

A

lipid soluble or water soluble molecules

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13
Q

Protein Binding effect

A

drug temporarily attach to plasma proteins

a. bound drug- the amount of drug that is attached to the blood proteins can NOT pass through capillary wall
b. free drug the amount of drug that is not attached to blood proteins unattached drug is free to leave the bloodstream and enter cells

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14
Q

Tissue Attraction

A

a. BBB- blood-brain barrier, which is tightly packed endothelial cells that prevent medication from passing into the brain

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15
Q

METABOLISM

A

also known as Biotransformation, some drugs are activated by the liver, process where the body changes drugs

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16
Q

parent drug

A

the drug that is administered and will be metabolized
prodrug- turn into active form
codeine becomes morphine

17
Q

metabolite

A

the chemically altered drug

18
Q

Liver

A

the primary site of metabolism
a. inactive metabolites
b water-soluble substances
c. more potent metabolites

19
Q

FIRST-PASS EFFECT

A

the initial metabolism by the liver which decreases bioavailability of enteral drugs the liver may change some of the drug into an inactive metabolite

20
Q

EXCRETION

A

elimination of drug and metabolites from the body
A. route
1. kidneys
a. nephron- the structural unit of the kidney
Creatinine Clearance the amount of creatinine removed by the kidney.
B. Biliary Excretion- liver excretes fat soluble drugs in the bile
C. Also sweat, saliva, breast milk, and lungs

21
Q

HALF-LIFE

A

time required for the blood concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% determined by the rate of metabolism and excretion

22
Q

DRUG EFFECT

A

cellular processes caused by the drug

a. drug effect curve

23
Q

Therapeutic effect

A

the intended effect of a drug

24
Q

MEC

A

minimal effective concentration of the drug to attain the therapeutic effect

25
Q

Onset of Action

A

time it takes for a drug to reach a therapeutic response

26
Q

Duration of Action

A

the length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response

27
Q

Peak Level

A

the highest blood concentration of the drug

28
Q

Peak Effect

A

TIME to reach a drug’s maximum therapeutic response

29
Q

Toxic Level

A

the amount of drug that causes more harm than good

30
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

the difference between the minimal effective concentration and the toxic level

31
Q

Narrow Therapeutic Index

A

a low ratio between the drug benefits to its toxic effects

32
Q

Wide Therapeutic Index

A

a relatively large difference between the minimal effective concentration and the toxic level

33
Q

Steady State

A

the amount of drug being absorbed is equal to the amount being excreted

34
Q

Trough Level

A

the lowest blood concentration of the drug during therapy

35
Q

Loading Dose

A

a large amount of drug used to rapidly achieve MEC

a. a rapid injection

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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