Skin Occ Meds

Question 0

Trichloroethylene + alcohol can cause what disease?

Answer 0

Degreaser’s flush

Question 1

What chemical causes Raynaud’s, Acro-osteolysis, scleroderma (R.A.S)?

Answer 1

Polyvinyl chloride

Question 2

Most common occupational skin disease is?

Answer 2

Irritant dermatitis:
70-80% exposed to irritants
20-30% from exposed to allergens

Question 3

Atopic workers at increased risk for allergic or irritant contact dermatitis ?

Answer 3

Irritant contact dermatitis

Question 4

Cement is acidic or alkalic?

Answer 4

Alkaline, contains calcium oxide or hydroxide.
In wet cement workers, cement cause irritant dermertitis:
The wetness of cement macerates skin. The alkaline (high PH) irritant to skin

Question 5

Allergic contact dermatitis is which type of allergy?

Answer 5

Type 4- Delayed hypersensitivity allergy with cellular immunity (like PPD reaction)
eg. Poison Ivy, skin rash 2-3 days later after exposed to poison Ivy.
Nickel dermatitis
Shoe dermatitis

Question 6

Which type of allergy is contact urticaria?

Answer 6

Type 1 allergy (IgE mediated)
- or non-immunologic (Histamine release )
Hives immediately (often seconds to minutes) after direct contact.
Anaphylaxis is possible.
eg. Latex rubber glove allergy.

Question 7

Exposure to what agent can cause chloracne ?

Answer 7

Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, dive zodiac, and organochlorine pesticides

Question 8

Cement worker has allergic dermertitis, most likely the cause?

Answer 8

Hexavalent Chromium

Question 9

Hydrofluoric acid

Answer 9

1. Exposure to Diluted (10-20% ) concentrations can actually be more dangerous than contact higher concentration. Symptoms may be delayed for several hours leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
2. The fluoride ion of HF readily penetrates skin, causing Soft tissue necrosis and bony decalcification.
3. Onset of pain is related to acid concentration:
   
   • pain is immediate after contact with >50%
   • delayed up to 6 hours after contact with 20-50% HF
   • up to 24 hours after contact with <20% HF
4. calcium gluconate gel- antidote

Question 10

Worker of what occupation are at greatest risk of occupational dermatitis?

Answer 10

• Synthetic resin manufacturing industry - 8%
• tanneries - 4%
• oil refining - 3%
• automobile manufacturing industry - 0.4%

Question 11

The chronological order of skin response after acute radiation exposure ?

Answer 11

Erythema, dry desquamation, moist desquamation, recovery

Or termed:
Reddening, peeling, blistering, recovery