Muscle Function (Analysis + Demo) Flashcards

1
Q

agonists

A

primary mover, functional muscle group. responsible for specific action at a joint

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2
Q

antagonists

A

oppose or reverse action of prime mover

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3
Q

synergists

A

assist prime mover in its actions

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4
Q

how do muscle pairs work together for max efficiency, speed and control?

A

increase tone in prep for full activation, antagonist prepares to slow down/stop, and muscle pair coordinates ctxn to avoid muscle injury

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5
Q

MUAP (motor unit action potential)

A

depol of all fibers in a motor unit creates MUAP, analysis of these and assessment of baseline electrical signal @ rest = foundation of electromyography. monitored by surface or needle electrode

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6
Q

motor unit

A

axon + all of the muscle fibers it innervates

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7
Q

innervation ratio

A

of muscle fibers innervated by a single axon/motor neuron (fine motor = low, gross motor = high)

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8
Q

sensory nerve action potential

A

onset latency, peak latency

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9
Q

compound muscle AP

A

latency

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10
Q

size principle

A

recruited smaller first, then med then larger. de-recruit in same order

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11
Q

nerve conduction studies

A

test motor, sensory, mixed nerves

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12
Q

electromyography tests

A

tests skeletal muscle fibers. needle type tests type 1 muscle fibers

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13
Q

types of contraction

A

isometric (contracts w/ no movement), concentric (contraction), eccentric (elongation)

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14
Q

upper motor neuron syndrome

A

lesion of upper motor neuron in central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)

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15
Q

positive sign for upper motor neuron syndrome

A

overactivity, hyperreflexia, spasticity

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16
Q

negative sign for upper motor neuron syndrome

A

weakness, underactivity no inherent muscle atropy

17
Q

spasticity

A

velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflex (muscle tone), hyperexcitability of stretch reflex.

18
Q

botulinum neurotoxin

A

can be given intra-muscularly to reduce focal muscle overactivity. affects both intrafusal and extrafusal muscle. may affect nociceptor pathways via C and A delta fibers & substance P. can also block salivary and sweat gland. treats dystonia, spasticity, eye, GI/GU, skin and pain

19
Q

Botulinum toxin mech

A

local, temporary. blocks SNAP 25, no fusing of ACh vesicles, no release of ACh into post-synaptic membrane.