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CNS > Quiz 5 Cerebellum > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum integrates very rapidly a host of sensory input info. on the momentary status of:

A

Muscle contraction
joint tension
Visual & auditory input on the equilibrium

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2
Q

Integration allows the cerebellum to aid & influence:

A

Muscle tone
Posture
Aids in making skilled somatic muscle movements smooth and effective

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3
Q

True or False Input fibers come from ALL CNS levels (M.O., pons, midbrain, diencephalon & telencephalon)

A

True

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4
Q

T/F Each cerebellar hemisphere influences the ipsilateral side of the body

A

True

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5
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the Medulla Oblongata via:

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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6
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the Pons via:

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

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7
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the Midbrain via:

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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8
Q

Inferior peduncle:

A

Afferent fiber dominate (into cerebellum)(Post. spinocerebellar & cuneucerebellar fiers)
Efferent are also present

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9
Q

Middle peduncle:

A

Afferent fibers only

All fibers going in cerebellum coming from pontine nuclei

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10
Q

Superior peduncle:

A

Efferent fibers are dominate

Afferent fibers are present (Ant. spinocerebeller fibers)

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11
Q

Which brain tumors are most frequent in male children over female children?

A

Medulloblastomas

arise in the superior meduallry velum as well as the posterior part of the cerebellar vermis

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12
Q

External subdivisions of cerebellum:

A

Median: Vermis
Lateral: rt/lt hemisphere

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13
Q

The vermis & the hemispheres are divided into lobes which are named:

A

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

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14
Q

White matter collectively is known as:

A

Corpus Medullare

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15
Q

White matter is primarily made up of 4 different fibers:

A
  1. Afferent projection fibers (carrying info. going TOWARDS cerebellum)
  2. Efferent projection fibers (carrying info. FROM cerebellum
  3. Commissural fibers (crossing the midline- connecting each side)
  4. Association fibers (carrying info. from one part of cerebellum to the other)
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16
Q

Most common NEURON cell types:

A
  1. Purkinje neurons
  2. Golgi II neurons
  3. Stellate neurons
  4. Basket neurons
  5. Granular neurons
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17
Q

The 5 neuron cells are arranged into 3 laminae:

A

Outer: Molecular layer
Middle: Purkinje Cell body layer
Inner: Granular layer

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18
Q

Two types of outside axons bring input in cerebellar cortical laminae:

A

Mossy fibers

Climbing fibers

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19
Q

Purkinje fibers are the fibers taking messages ____ from the cerebellar cortex

A

AWAY

20
Q
  • Middle cortical lamina

- Composed of 30 million purkinje neuron cell bodies that reach out into the molecular layer

A

Purkinje cell layer

21
Q

________ purkinje axons are the only efferent (outgoing) fibers from the cerebellar cortex. Most of these terminate in the deep central _______ _____. Some bypass to end in Deiters’ portion of the ________ ______.

A

Myelinated
cerebellar nuclei

Vestibular nucleus

22
Q

Neurotransmitter released by the Purkinje axon is ________ to its target site.

A

INHIBITORY (GABA)

23
Q
  • Innermost cortical lamina

- Layer is named for the abundance of small granular neurons that are present.

A

Granular Layer (lamina)

24
Q

Granular cell dendrites are ________ by incoming _____ ______. The axon from each granular cell ascends into the molecular layer where it ________ & makes synapse with the spined branches of the purkinje cell dendrites.

A

Stimulated
Mossy fibers
Bifurcates

25
Q

Neurotransmitter from the granular neuron is:

A

Glutamate (most abundant neurochemical)

Stimulating the purkinjes

26
Q

Mossy fibers mostly originate from the:

A

Spinocerebellar & corticopontocerebellar sources

27
Q

Theses fibers are excitatory & synapse with granular cell dendrites:

A

Mossy Fibers

28
Q

Granular cell axons ascend to synapse with ______ ______ of purkinje cells in the ______ _____. These cells are _______ to the purkinje cells Glutamate)

A

Spined dendritic branches
Molecular layer
Excitatory

29
Q

Purkinje cell axons _______ (inhibit) the deep central cerebellar nuclei. If the purkinje cell is NOT excited (firing), then the inhibitory results are minimal. _____ is the neurotransmitter.

A

Influence

GABA

30
Q
  • Extremely excitatory- reaching the Purkinje cells smooth dendritic branches directly
  • Fibers generally originate in the inferior olivary nucleus (pontine nuclei & reticular cells may also contribute)
A

Climbing fibers

31
Q

Neurotransmitter involved with Climbing fibers:

A

Aspartate

32
Q

_______ & _____ fibers bring _______ outside input to the cortex of the cerebellum. This input is integrated trough the granular, ____, basket, _______, & Purkinje cells. Info. leaves the cerebellar cortex through _______ axons. The major target for this ________ outflow is the deep or central cerebellar nuclei.

A 
Climbing & mossy
Excitatory 
stellate
Purkinje cells
Purkinje axons 
INHIBITORY
33
Q

Names for the central nuclei (arranged most lateral to most medial):

A
  1. Dentate (largest / most lateral)
  2. Emboliform
  3. Globose
  4. Fastigial- Most primitive & medial
34
Q

The emboliform & globose collectively are referred to as the:

A

Interposed nuclei

35
Q

Purkinje axons from the cortex of the:

A

Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

36
Q

Go to the Vestibular nucleus & release GABA

A

Vestibulocerebellum

37
Q

Go to the Interposed nucleus & fastigial nucleus:

A

Spinocerebellum

38
Q

Go to the Dentate Nucleus

A

Cerebrocerebellum

39
Q

Fastigial Nucleus fibers exit the _______ cerebellar peduncles to terminate in the ______ nucleus, reticular formation & nuclei for C.N ___, ___, ___

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles
Vestibular nucleus
III, IV, & VI

40
Q

______ nucleus axons generally extend to the ____ Nucleus & reticular formations via the superior cerebellar peduncles

A

Interposed

Red

41
Q

_____ axons generally reach the ______ with collateral branches being sent to the Red nucleus (Once again via the superior cerebellar peduncles)

A

Dentate

Thalamus

42
Q

The right side of the cerebellum only deals with the right side of the body (vice versa). Naturally bilateral lesions involve bilateral symptoms

A

Create ipsilateral clinical signs

43
Q

________ disturbances are quite common. This is particularly true from lesions in the Archicerebellar lobe (Flocculonodular syndrome- Where the patient must constantly fight against falling backwards)

A

Equilibrium Disturbances

44
Q

_______ ____ changes are common signs. In rare instances electrical stimuli have been applied to the cerebellar cortex to relieve hypertonicity

A

Muscle tone changes

45
Q

_____ (lack of order or coordination) is not limited to any lobe, but most frequent in lesions of the neocerebellum. One might stagger to the side vs. falling backward in the flocculonodular syndrome. Inability to rapidly supinate/ pronate hands

A

Ataxia

46
Q

Common symptom in which measured movements are difficult to make. You generally over or undershoot your target

A

Dysmetria

CNS (23 decks)

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