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AP Psychology > Prologue Vocab > Flashcards

Prologue Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Plato

A

Mind is separate from body. Knowledge is innate.

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Socrates

A

Philosopher, teacher, mind is separate from body, and continues after the body dies. Knowledges is innate and born with us.

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

Soul not separate from body, knowledge not preexisting- grows from experience stored in memories

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4
Q

Descartes

A

Father of Modern Medicine. Abnormal behavior caused by abnormalities in brain instead of supernatural causes. Mind and body separate.

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5
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Introduced scientific method. Drawing knowledge from natural world from experimentation, observation, and testing hypothesis.

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6
Q

John Locke

A

Tabula Rasa, born as blank slate. Build through experience. Empiricism.

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

A view that knowledge comes experience via the senses, science flourishes through observation and experiment.

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Opened first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

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10
Q

Edward Tichener

A

Introduced structuralism, aimed to discover elements of mind.

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11
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward, reports elements of experience

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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13
Q

William James

A

Developed functionalism. Wrote “Principles of Psychology.” Harvard professor

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14
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Student of James, pioneering memory researcher, first female APA president

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15
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

First woman to receive Ph.D in psychology

16
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

17
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

Longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

18
Q

Natural Selection

A

Among the range of inherited trait variations, lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely passed to succeeding generations.

19
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Differing complementing views, from biological to psychological to social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

20
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes

21
Q

Behavior Genetics Perapective

A

How our genes and environment influence our individual differences

22
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

23
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

24
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

How we learn observable responses

25
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

26
Q

Social-Cultural Perspective

A

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

27
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge basis

28
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

29
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

30
Q

Developmental Psychologists

A

Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life span.

31
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Experimenting with how perceive, think, and solve problems

32
Q

Personality Psychologists

A

Investigating our persistent traits

33
Q

Social Psychologists

A

Exploring how we view and affect one another

34
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being

35
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studied, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

36
Q

Psychiatry

A

Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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