Chapter 18 Second Half

Question 1

“us”- people with whom one shares a common identity

Answer 1

Ingroup

Question 2

“them”- those perceived as different or apart of one’s ingroup

Answer 2

Outgroup

Question 3

tendency to favor one’s own group

Answer 3

In-group Bias

Question 4

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Answer 4

Scapegoat Theory

Question 5

tendency of people to believe they world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Answer 5

Just-world Phenomenon

Question 6

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Answer 6

Aggression

Question 7

principle that frustration- blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression

Answer 7

Frustration-aggression Principle

Question 8

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Answer 8

Conflict

Question 9

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Answer 9

Social Traps

Question 10

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Answer 10

Mere-exposure effect

Question 11

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Answer 11

Passionate Love

Question 12

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Answer 12

Companionate Love

Question 13

condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Answer 13

Equity

Question 14

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 14

Self-Disclosure

Question 15

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 15

Altruism

Question 16

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give did it other bystanders are present

Answer 16

Bystander Effect

Question 17

theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Answer 17

Social Exchange Theory

Question 18

an expectation that people help, not hurt, those who have helped

Answer 18

Reciprocity Norm

Question 19

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Answer 19

Social-responsibility Norm

Question 20

shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation

Answer 20

Superordinate Goals

Question 21

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Answer 21

GRIT