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Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy > tibia, fibula, and ankle joints > Flashcards

tibia, fibula, and ankle joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is the significance of the tibial tuberosity

A

where the patella tendon attaches to the tibia

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2
Q

why is the anterior border of the tibia susceptible to fracture

A

so close to the skin

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3
Q

is the soleus line anterior or posterior

A

posterior

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4
Q

what is the soleal line

A

where the soleus muscle attaches

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5
Q

action of soleal muscle on the tibia

A

helps maintain posture due to the centre of gravity lying anterior to the tibia

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6
Q

why can fractures of the distal 1/3 of the tibia take longer to heal compared to the proximal 2/3

A

because the blood supply here isnt as good as the bone is thinner hear

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7
Q

what makes up the lateral and medial malleolus at the ankle and which is bigger

A

medial malleolus - distal tibia lateral malleolus - distal fibula (extends further distally)

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8
Q

major roles of the tibia and fibula

A

tibia - weight bearing fibula - non weight bearing, for muscle attachment

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9
Q

is the tibial tuberosity anterior or posterior

A

anterior

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10
Q

why is it easy to get ring hypophyses fractures of the tibia and fibula

A

because they are connected via the interosseous membrane

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11
Q

what is the function of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

A

passage of vessels

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12
Q

what kind of joints are the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints

A

superior = plane synovial joint inferior = fibrous joint (syndesmosis)

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13
Q

what structures help stabilise the superior tibiofibular joint

A
  • anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments - fibular collateral ligament (attaches to head of the fibula) - head of one of the hamstring muscles attaches to fibula
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14
Q

what is the importance of the stability of the inferior tibiofibular joinw

A

it allows us to be bipedal - it prevents tibia and fibula from separating during weight bearing

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15
Q

what structures help stabilise the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior interosseous tibiofibular ligaments

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16
Q

which joint is least likely to dislocate? the superior or inferior tibiofibular joint

A

superior (inferior very unlikely)

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17
Q

what is the malleolar mortise

A

the distal end of the fibula forms a socket for the talus bone of the foot

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18
Q

what are the names of the tarsal bones and how are they arranged

A

3 rows: 1st row: calcaneus and talus 2nd row: cuboid and navicular 3rd row: medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

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19
Q

which tarsal bone is the “heel”

A

calcaneous

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20
Q

which tarsal bone articulates at the ankle joint

A

the talus bone (only bone to articulate here)

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21
Q

where does the archilles tendon attach

A

to the posterior border of the calcaneus tarsal bone

22
Q

which muscle is the archilles tendon part of

A

soleus

23
Q

which bones articulate anteriorly with the talus and the calcaneous bones

A

talus = navicular calcaneous = cuboid

24
Q

what is a March fracture

A

fracture of the 2nd metatarsal

25
Q

why is the 2nd metatarsal most likely to fracture

A

because it is the longest and thinnest metatarsal and its articulation with the tarsal is very wedged in between the first and third

26
Q

functions of sesamoid bones in the foot

A
  • cushioning effect - can create a space for nerves and vessels to run through
27
Q

what are accessory bones in the foot

A

secondary centres of ossification that dont fuse with the parent bone

28
Q

what are the 3 joints that the talus bone is a part of

A

ankle joint above (talocrural joint) subtalar joint below (talcalcaneal joint) midtarsal joint in front (talocalcaeneonavicular and calcaneocuboid)

29
Q

what “deepens” the ankle joint posteriorly

A

the inferior transverse ligament

30
Q

movement at the ankle joint

A

flexion (plantar flexion) and extension (dorsiflexion) only - hinge joint (have associated slight inversion and eversion)

31
Q

association of inversion and eversion with dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle joint

A

plantar flexion associated with some inversion dorsi flexion associated with some eversion

32
Q

what causes the slight inversion and eversion of the foot with dorsi and plantar flexion

A

due to the lateral malleolus being longer distally than the medial malleolus

33
Q

is dorsi or plantar flexion more stable and why

A

plantar flexion is more stable because anterior articulation of the talus bone is wider anteriorly compared to posteriorly

34
Q

what is the main medial ligament of the ankle joint

A

deltoid ligament - very strong

35
Q

what are the main lateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A

3 lateral collateral ligaments

36
Q

is eversion or inversion sprains of the ankle more common

A

inversion - because the deltid ligament is much more stable than the lateral collateral ligaments - therefore lateral collateral ligaments injured more often

37
Q

inversion of the ankle joint is associated with what fracture

A

fracture of the malleolus of the fibula (because the body of the talus is pushing on the lateral malleolus outwards)

38
Q

what is a Pots fracture

A

fracture of the fibula due to forced eversion of the ankle joint

39
Q

which joint is associated with inversion and eversion of the ankle

A

the subtalar joint (between talus and calcaneous)

40
Q

function of the spring ligament in the foot

A

maintains the position of the head of the talus

41
Q

what is the proper name for the spring ligament of the foot

A

the plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament

42
Q

what is the sinus tarsi

A

slight gap between the subtalar and TCN joints - where the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament runs and also where the vascular sling runs

43
Q

function of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

A

binds calcaneus and talus firmly together

44
Q

what is pronation and supination of the foot joints

A

pronation = eversion and lateral rotation supination = inversion and medial rotation

45
Q

action of the calcaneocuboid joint

A

helps in pronation and supination

46
Q

what are the Lisfranc joints

A

the tarsometatarsal joints

47
Q

what are the 3 arches of the arches of the foot

A

2 longitudinal arches (medial and lateral) 1 transverse arch

48
Q

is the medial or lateral longitudinal arch of the foot higher

A

medial as it is supported by ligaments and muscles

49
Q

what kind of support is needed for the arches of the foot in dynamic and static activity

A

dynamic activity = muscular support static activity = ligamentous upport

50
Q

what is the Windlass effect of the plantar aponeurosis

A

dorsiflexion of the toes during propulsive phase of gait causes tightening of the plantar aponeurosis –> causes elevation of the longitudinal arch - leading to a forced supination of the foot in preparation for the push off during gait

Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy (8 decks)

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