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Biochem Block 1 > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average pKa for a carboxylic acid group?

A

~2

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2
Q

What is the average pKa for an amino group?

A

~9.5

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3
Q

What is the physiologic pH?

A

7.4

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4
Q

Which are the branched chain amino acids?

A

Valine, isoleucine, and leucine

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5
Q

Which are the sulfur containing amino acids?

A

methionine and cysteine

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6
Q

Which are the aromatic amino acids?

A

phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan

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7
Q

Which are the basic amino acids?

A

arginine and lysine

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8
Q

Which are the acidic amino acids?

A

aspartate and glutamate

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9
Q

Which are the hydroxyl containing amino acids?

A

Serine, threonine, tyrosine

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10
Q

Which are non-polar, hydrophobic?

A

glycine, alanine, proline, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine

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11
Q

Which are polar uncharged?

A

asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine

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12
Q

Which are charged?

A

aspartate, glutamate, arginine, lysine, histidine

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13
Q

Which is a weakly basic amino acid?

A

histidine

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14
Q

What is the pH of histidine in its free form? and in a polypeptide chain?

A

6; 7

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15
Q

When ph>pKa, what happens?

A

hydrogen ion concentration is more on the pKa side, so the pKa group undergoes deprotonation and donates an H

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16
Q

When pH<pKa, what happens?

A

more protons in fluid, so the proton released in carboxyl group does here and receives an H (undergoes protonation)

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17
Q

What happens when pH=pKa?

A

50% protonation, 50% deprotonation and they exist in a zwitter ion

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18
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

pH < 7.4

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19
Q

What is allacalosis?

A

pH > 7.4

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20
Q

What are the Essential amino acids?

Think PVT TIM HALL

A

phenylalanine, valine, threonine,
tryptophan, isoleucine, methinonine
histidine, arginine, leucine, and lysine

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21
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Gly

A

glycine

22
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Ala

A

alanine

23
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Val

A

valine

24
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Leu

A

leucine

25
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Ile

A

Isoleucine

26
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Met

A

Methionine

27
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Cys

A

Cysteine

28
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Phe

A

Phenylalanine

29
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Tyr

A

Tyrosine

30
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Trp

A

Trypophan

31
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Arg

A

Arginine

32
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation?Lys

A

Lysine

33
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? His

A

Histidine

34
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Asp

A

Aspartate

35
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Glu

A

Glutamate

36
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Asn

A

Asparagine

37
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Gln

A

Glutamine

38
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Ser

A

Serine

39
Q

What amino acid is this by the abbreviation? Thr

A

Threonine

40
Q

At pH of 7.4, how do amino acids exist?

A

in ionized form; the amino group carries positive charge and carboxylic carries a negative charge

41
Q

Which amino acid is a helix breaker?

A

proline

42
Q

Why is proline called a helix breaker?

A

the rigid ring structure can not be accomodated in some structures, so it breaks the helical structure of the protein

43
Q

enzymes that add a phosphate are called?

A

kinase

44
Q

enzymes that remove a phosphate are called?

A

phosphatase

45
Q

This type of amino acid can’t interact with water, so it is buried in a protein molecule

A

non-polar

46
Q

This type of amino acid is present on the surface of the protein and can interact with water molecules, making H bonds

A

polar

47
Q

What is the polar importance?

A

globular protein and in membrane spanning region of transmembrane proteins

48
Q

What is the non-polar importance?

A

amino acids come in contact with non-polar tail

49
Q

What are conditions of negative nitrogen balance?

A

protein malnutrition, dietary deficiency, starvation, uncontrolled diabetes, infection

50
Q

What are conditions of positive nitrogen balance?

A

pregnancy, growth, recovery from surgery

51
Q

At physiologic pH, what is the charge of the amino group?

A

positive

52
Q

At physiologic pH, what is the charge of the carboxylic acid group?

A

negative

Biochem Block 1 (10 decks)

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