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Biochem Block 1 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

catalyze oxidation reduction reactions

A

Oxidoreductase

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2
Q

What are some examples of Oxioreductases?

A

dehydrogenases

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3
Q

catalyze transfer of some groups from one substrate to other

A

Transferases

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4
Q

What are some examples of transferases?

A

Kinases

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5
Q

catalyze hydrolysis reactions by adding H2O

A

Hydrolases

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6
Q

What are some examples of Hydolases?

A

Gastrointestinal digestive enzymes

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7
Q

catalyze the breakdown of compound without adding H2O

A

Lysases

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8
Q

catalyze isomerization reactions

A

Isomerases

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9
Q

What are some examples of isomerases?

A

Recemase or mutase

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10
Q

catalyze ligation reaction

A

Ligases

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11
Q

What are the ABCs that ligases need?

A

ATP, Biotin, CO2

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12
Q

What is ∆G <0?

A

Thermodynamically spontaneous (energy released, often irreversible)

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13
Q

What is ∆G >0?

A

thermodynamically non-spontaneous (energy required)

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14
Q

What is ∆G =0?

A

reaction at equilibrium (freely reversible)

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15
Q

What are three important factors that affect enzyme activity?

A
  • substrate concentration
  • temperature
  • pH
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16
Q

What are 4 other factors that affect enzyme activity?

A
  • Enzyme concentration itself
  • product concentration
  • presence of activators or inhibitors
  • availability of coenzymes
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17
Q

What is the Michaelis-Menten equation?

A

V1= Vmax[S]/{Km +[S]}

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18
Q

What does a small/low Km represent?

A

high affinity of the enzyme

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19
Q

What are the classes of enzymes? (Think Over the HILL)

A 
Oxidorreductase
Transferases
Hydrolass
Isomerase
Lysases
Ligases
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20
Q

What is seen in the competitive inhibition graph?

A

they cross; no change in vmax, km increases

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21
Q

What is seen in the non-competitive inhibition graph?

A

they don’t cross; no change in km, vmax decreases

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22
Q

What is the Lineweaver-Burk equation?

A

1/v = [(km1/vmaxs)+ (1/vmax)]

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23
Q

What is the km for hexokinase?

A

.05mM

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24
Q

What is the km for glucokinase?

A

5mM

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25
Q

What do Statin drugs inhibit?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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26
Q

Negative allosteric effectors cause what shift in the reaction curve?

A

Right

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27
Q

Enzymes following michaelis menten kinetics show what curve?

A

Hyperbolic

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28
Q

Allosteric Enzymes show what curve?

A

Sigmoid

29
Q

What are the positive allosteric effectors of PfK-1 which shift the curve to the left?

A

AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

30
Q

What are the negative allosteric effectors of PfK-1 which shift the curve to the right?

A

ATP and citrate

31
Q

What is the subunit composition of LDH1?

A

HHHH

32
Q

What is the subunit composition of LDH2?

A

HHHM

33
Q

What is the subunit composition of LDH3?

A

HHMM

34
Q

What is the subunit composition of LDH4?

A

HMMM

35
Q

What is the subunit composition of LDH5?

A

MMMM

36
Q

Where is LDH1 located?

A

Heart, RBC

37
Q

What is the importance of LDH1?

A

MI

38
Q

Where is LDH2 located?

A

Heart, RBC, kidney

39
Q

What is the importance of LDH2?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

40
Q

Where is LDH3 located?

A

Brain, kidney, WBC

41
Q

What is the importance of LDH3?

A

Leukemia, malignancy

42
Q

Where is LDH4 located?

A

Lung, muscle

43
Q

What is the importance of LDH4?

A

Pulmonary infarction

44
Q

Where is LDH5 located?

A

Liver, muscle

45
Q

What is the importance of LDH5?

A

Liver disease, muscle injury

46
Q

What is the subunit composition of CK1?

A

BB

47
Q

What is the subunit composition of CK2?

A

MB

48
Q

What is the subunit composition of CK3?

A

MM

49
Q

Where is CK1 located?

A

Brain

50
Q

Where is CK2 located?

A

Heart

51
Q

Where is CK3 located?

A

Skeletal Muscle

52
Q

What is the importance of CK1?

A

no clinical significance

53
Q

What is the importance of CK2?

A

MI

54
Q

What is the importance of CK3?

A

Muscular dystrophy

55
Q

Which type of CK is the most abundant?

A

CK3

56
Q

Which type of LDH is most abundant?

A

LDH2

57
Q

When do CK-MB levels appear in plasma with MI?

A

3-6 hours following chest pain

58
Q

When do CK-MB levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?

A

12-24 hours

59
Q

When do Ck-MB levels return to baseline during an MI?

A

48-72 hours

60
Q

When do LDH1 levels appear in plasma with MI?

A

48 hours following chest pain

61
Q

When do LDH1 levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?

A

72-96 hours

62
Q

When do LDH1 levels return to baseline during an MI?

A

10 days

63
Q

When do cTI levels appear in plasma with MI?

A

4-8 hours following chest pain

64
Q

When do cTI levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?

A

12-24 hours

65
Q

When do cTI levels return to baseline during an MI?

A

7-10 days

66
Q

Which test is this?

appears in plasma 3-6 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 12-24 hours, and return to baseline at 48-72 hours

A

CK-MB

67
Q

Which test is this?

appears in plasma 48 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 72-96 hours, and return to baseline at 10 days

A

LDH1

68
Q

Which test is this?

appears in plasma 4-8 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 12-24 hours, and return to baseline at 7-10 days

A

cardiac troponin (cTI)

Biochem Block 1 (10 decks)

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