Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry - Module 6 > 27- Amines, Amino Acids And Polymers > Flashcards

27- Amines, Amino Acids And Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Primary amine

A

1 R group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secondary amine

A

2 R groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tertiary amine

A

3 R groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ammonia

A

0 R groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of amines

A

• Pungent smell

• Physiological effects
o Amphetamine (Treats fatigue)
o Phenylephrine (Decongestant)
o Adrenaline (Stress hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to name a primary amine

A

• If –NH₂ group is at the end of a chain, add the suffix –amine to the end of the alkyl chain

• If it contains an amine group on any other C other than C-1 the amine is named using the prefix amino- and a number is added to indicate the position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name this

A

Ethylamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name this

A

2-aminobutane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to name a secondary / tertiary amine

A

• If they contain the same alkyl group, the prefixes di- or –tri are used to indicate the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen

• two or more different groups are attached to a N, the compound is named as a N-substituted derivative of the larger group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name these

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name these

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do amines behave as

A

Weak bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do they behave as weak bases

A

o Lone pair on N atom can accept a proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are amines

A

Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to form a salt from an amine

A

• Acid + Amine -> Ammonium Salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Write reaction between HCl and propylamine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Write reaction between Sulfuric acid and butylamine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of reaction are these

A

Neutralisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name or mechanism that prepares primary aliphatic amines

A

Nucleophilic substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type of reaction that prepares primary aliphatic amines

A

2 step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How to prepare primary aliphatic amines - overall

A
  1. Salt formation
  2. Amine formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Step 1 of primary amine preparation - salt formation

A

• Ammonia acts as a nucleophile as it has a lone pair of electrons on the N.

• Ammonia reacts with haloalkane to form salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Step 2 of primary amine preparation - amine formation

A

• Ammonium salt reacts with sodium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conditions of primary amine formation

A
  • ethanol solvent
  • excess ammonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why ethanol solvent condition - primary amine formation

A

 Prevents substitution of haloalkane with water (to form alcohols)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why excess ammonia condition - primary amine formation

A

 Reduces further substitution of the amine to form secondary and tertiary amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Preparation of secondary aliphatic amines - 2 step

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Preparation of tertiary aliphatic amines - 2 step

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why can we prepare secondary / tertiary amines this way

A

primary / secondary amine still contains a lone pair of electrons on the N atom, so can react further with a haloalkane and form a secondary / tertiary amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Nucleophile in preparation of amines

A

Ammonia / amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines - 2 steps overall

A

Salt formation

Amine formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines - salt formation - conditions

A
  • Tin and conc. HCl act as a reducing agent
  • Heated under reflux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines - amine formation - conditions

A
  • Excess NaOH (aq) is added to produce the aromatic amine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Type of reaction for Preparation of aromatic amines

A

• Nitroarenes are reduced to form aromatic amines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Wrote equation for formation of phenylamine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many natural amino acids in body

A

20

37
Q

Type of natural body amino acids

A

Alpha

38
Q

What is an alpha amino acid

A

o amine is attached to the alpha C - one carbon separating two functional groups

39
Q

Naming alpha amino acids

A

• carboxylic acid group takes priority = amine group will always be at position 2 in an α-amino acids (2-amino).

40
Q

Name

A
41
Q

Reactions of Amino acids - list

A

• with acids
• with alkalis
• with alcohols

42
Q

Reaction of amino acid with acids

A

• basic -NH₂ can react with acids to form ammonium salt

43
Q

Reaction between amino acids and acids

A

• basic -NH₂ can react with acids to form ammonium salt

44
Q

Draw reaction between alanine and HCl

A
45
Q

Reactions of amino acids with alkalis

A

• -COOH can react with alkalis (such as NaOH or KOH) to form salt + water.

46
Q

Draw general reaction between amino acid + NaOH

A
47
Q

Reaction between amino acids and alcohol + CONDITIONS

A

• -COOH can easily be esterified by heating with an alcohol in the presence of conc. H₂SO4 catalyst.

48
Q

Reaction between amino acids + alcohols are in acidic conditions - remember reaction conditions - why is this significant

A

basic amine group is protonated.

49
Q

Write draw reaction between alanine and ethanol

A
50
Q

How do Zwitterions form

A

the basic -NH₂ can accept a proton from the –COOH to form an ion containing both a +ve and –ve charge.

51
Q

What’s the isoelectric point

A

• pH at which the zwitterion is formed

52
Q

What’s special about the isoelectric point

A

• Each amino acid has its own unique isoelectric point.

53
Q

If pH is higher then isoelectric

A

amino acid acts as an acid, and loses a proton from -COOH

54
Q

If pH is lower than isoelectric

A

amino acid acts as a base, and accepts a proton in -NH2

55
Q

Spectrum of pH

A
56
Q

Properties of amino acids

A

• Bifunctional – act as acid and base

57
Q

Investigate properties of amino acids- method

A
  1. Find the melting point of glycine.
  2. Dissolve one spatula measure of glycine in 3 cm3 of distilled/deionised water. Test the pH of the solution with universal indicator paper.
  3. Divide the solution between three test tubes. To the first add seven drops of ethanoic anhydride.
  4. To the second add 1 cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid and 1 cm3 of sodium nitrite solution.
  5. To the third add a small spatula measure of sodium carbonate.
58
Q

What is an amide

A

compounds with an amine group directly bonded with a carbonyl group.

59
Q

How to form amides

A

products of reactions with acyl chlorides with either ammonia or amines.

60
Q

Primary / secondary / tertiary amides

A
61
Q

How to form primary amides using ammonia

A
62
Q

How to form secondary amides from primary amines

A
63
Q

What is optical isomerism

A

• non-superimposable mirror image structures

64
Q

What do optical isomers have

A

chiral center – normally a carbon atom that is attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms

65
Q

Draw general structure of a pair of optical isomers

A
66
Q

How to spot optical isomers

A

4 different molecules bonded off of C – no double bonds

67
Q

Draw optical isomer of this

A
68
Q

Properties of Optical Isomers

A

• rotate plane-polarised light in different directions i.e. one enantiomer rotates it clockwise

69
Q

What’s a racemic mixture

A

contains equal proportions of each enantiomer will have no effect on plane-polarised light.
o As the rotations cancel out.

70
Q

What is condensation polymerisation

A

• the joining of monomers with the loss of a small molecule = usually water or HCl

71
Q

What does condensation polymerisation need

A

• Two different functional groups

72
Q

Define monomer

A

small molecule combines with many other monomers to form a polymer

73
Q

Define polymer

A

a large molecule formed from many thousands of repeat units of smaller molecules (monomers)

74
Q

Define repeat unit

A

the simplest unit of the polymer that is repeated many times to form the full polymer.

75
Q

How can polyesters be made

A
  • from one monomer containing both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol group
  • from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid), and one containing two alcohol groups (diol)
  • from diacyl chlorides with diols
76
Q

Polyesters from one monomer - both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol group

A
77
Q

Polyesters from one monomer - both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol group - how many waters

A

N-1

78
Q

Polyesters from

A

two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid), and one containing two alcohol groups (diol)

79
Q

Polyesters from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid), and one containing two alcohol groups (diol)

A
80
Q

Polyesters from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid), and one containing two alcohol groups (diol) - how many waters

A

2n-1

81
Q

Polyesters from diacyl chlorides

A
82
Q

How to make Polyamides

A
  • from one monomer containing both an amine and a carboxylic acid group/acyl chloride
  • from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid) or two acyl chlorides, and one containing two amine groups (diamine)
83
Q

Polyamides - • made from one monomer containing both an amine and a carboxylic acid group/acyl chloride

A
84
Q

Polyamides - • made from one monomer containing both an amine and a carboxylic acid group/acyl chloride - water

A

N-1

85
Q

Polyamide - from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid) or two acyl chlorides, and one containing two amine groups (diamine)

A
86
Q

Polyamide - from two monomers – one containing two carboxylic acid groups (dicarboxylic acid) or two acyl chlorides, and one containing two amine groups (diamine) - how many waters

A

2n-1

87
Q

Hydrolysis of Polyamides + polyesters

A

using hot aq. acid (eg. HCl) OR hot aq. alkali (eg. NaOH)

88
Q

Hydrolysis of polyesters in acid and base

A
89
Q

Hydrolysis of polyamides in acid and base

A

Chemistry - Module 6 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions