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Chemistry - Module 6 > 28 - organic synthesis > Flashcards

28 - organic synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkane to haloalkane

A

free radical substitution
halogen / hydrogen halide
UV light

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2
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to alkane

A

electrophilic addition
Hydrogen
nickel catalyst

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3
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to haloalkane

A

electrophilic addition
hydrogen halide / hydrogen

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4
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to nitrile ???

A

nucleophilic substitution
CN- / NaCN
ethanol

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5
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to amine ???

A

nucleophilic substitution
NH3 + NaOH
ethanol

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6
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to alcohol

A

hydration
steam
phosphoric acid catalyst

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7
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to alkene ??

A

dehydration
hot conc sulfuric acid catalyst
reflux

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8
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to alcohol

A

nucleophilic substitution
aqueous NaOH
reflux

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9
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to haloalkane

A

2 step mechanism
sodium halide
sulfuric aid
reflux

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10
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to ketone

A

oxidation
secondary alcohol
sulfuric acid (H+)
K2Cr207
reflux

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11
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaCN
H+

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12
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

hydroxynitrile to amine

A

reduction
hydrogen
nickel catalyst

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13
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to aldehyde

A

oxidation
primary alcohol
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
distillation

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14
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ketone to alcohol

A

nucleophilic addition
forms secondary alcohol
aqueous NaBH4

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15
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to alcohol

A

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaBH4
warmed

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16
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

oxidation
primary alcohol
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
reflux

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17
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

oxidation
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
reflux

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18
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaCN
H+

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19
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis
H20
HCl4
heat

20
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to ester

A

esterification
carboxylic acid
conc sulfuric acid

OR

acid anhydride

21
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitrile to amine

A

reduction
hydrogen
nickel catalyst

22
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ester to carboxylic acid ??

A

acid hydrolysis
dilute acid
reflux

23
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ester to carboxylate ??

A

alkaline hydrolysis
OH-
reflux

24
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

carboxylic acid to ester

A

esterification
alcohol
conc sulfuric acid
warmed

25
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

chlorination
SOCl2?
fume hood

26
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis
nucleophilic addition - elimination
H20

27
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

acyl chloride to ester

A

nucleophilic addition elimination
alcohol

28
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

acyl chloride to primary amide

A

nucleophilic addition -elimination
NH3

29
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

nucleophilic addition-elimination
primary amine

30
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis
H20
HCl
heat

31
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitriles to amines

A

reduction
hydrogen
nickel catalyst

32
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitriles to carboxylic acids

A

hydrolysis
dilute HCl
heat

33
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ketone/aldehyde to alcohol

A

nucleophilic addition
Grignard reagent
followed by dilute aq acid (HCl)

34
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzene to bromobenzene

A

electrophilic substitution
Br2
halogen carrier catalyst - AlBr3
room temp + pressure

35
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzene to chlorobenzene

A

electrophilic substitution
Cl2
halogen carrier catalyst - AlCl3
room temp + pressure

36
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzene to benzaldehyde

A

electrophilic substitution
acyl chloride
halogen carrier catalyst

37
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzaldehyde to benzoic acid

A

reduction?
NaBH4 (aq)

38
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzene to methylbenzene

A

electrophilic substitution
haloalkane
halogen carrier catalyst

39
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

electrophilic substitution
conc HNO3
conc H2SO4
50 degree water bath

40
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

reduction?
tin / conc HCl
reflux??
followed by excess NaOH

41
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

electrophilic substitution?
neutralisation?
NaOH

42
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

phenol to nitrophenol

A

electrophilic substitution
dilute HNO3
room temp

43
Q

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

phenol to 2,4,6 - tribromophenol

A

electrophilic substitution
bromine

44
Q
A
45
Q

what are Grignard reagents​

A

Organometallic compounds that provide a source of nucleophiles called carbanions

(C has a negative charge)

46
Q

example of a Grignard reagents

A

CH3CH2MgBr

Chemistry - Module 6 (5 decks)

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