27 Urinary Elimination Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
What is urine formed by?
A
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
2
Q
BUN
A
Blood Urea Nitrogen
3
Q
Biproduct of protein metabolism
A
BUN
4
Q
Produce erythropoietin, secrete renin, activate vit D
A
kidneys
5
Q
GFR
A
glomerular filtration rate
6
Q
where does filtration occur?
A
glomeruli
7
Q
micturition
A
urination
8
Q
What do the kidneys do?
A
regulate blood volume regulate blood pressure acid-base volume electrolyte levels secretes hydrogen ions
9
Q
application of gentle pressure to bladder
A
credes maneuver
10
Q
bedwetting
A
enuresis
11
Q
how much urine does the bladder usually hold?
A
200-450mL
12
Q
voiding
A
urination
13
Q
what does voiding and control of urine require?
A
functioning bladder and urethra, brain, spinal cord, nerves
14
Q
how much of cardiac output do the kidneys get?
A
20-25%
15
Q
brain tells ______ ________ to relax
A
external sphincter
16
Q
no voluntary control
A
internal sphincter
17
Q
when the detrusor muscle relaxes
A
bladder fills with urine again
18
Q
how long is the female urethra
A
3-4in
19
Q
how long is the male urethra
A
8in
20
Q
can you palpate and empty bladder?
A
no
21
Q
how much urine is produced per hour?
A
50-60mL
22
Q
how much urine is produced daily?
A
1500mL
23
Q
what is the normal color of urine?
A
pale to yellow
24
Q
how many wet diapers do infants have per day
A
8-10
25
when does toilet training usually occur?
18-36 months
26
if kidney production is decreased
urine output in decreased
27
what does toilet training require?
mature neuromuscular sustem
| adequate communication skills
28
lack of urinary control after age 5-6
enuresis
29
bed wetting considered problem after age 6
nocturnal enuresis
30
never night dryness
primary enuresis
31
6 mths of dryness then all of the sudden bed wetting
secondary enuresis
32
what are some considerations of older adults with urination
```
kidneys functions decrease
urgency and frequency increase
loss of bladder elasticity and muscle tone
incontinence/nocturia
incomplete emptying
```
33
getting up in the middle of the night to urinate
nocturia
34
delaying peeing leads to
UTI
35
alcohol and caffeine make you
pee more
36
long term use of _________ can damage kidneys
NSAIDS
37
nephron toxic meds
damage kidneys
38
what do anesthesia do?
decrease urine production
| decrease output
39
urethra infection
urethritis
40
bladder infection
cystitis
41
kidney infection/ureter
pyelonephritis
42
involuntary loss of urine
incontinence
43
who have more kidney infections?
women
44
you want input to equal
output
45
if you miss one you must start over
24 hour urine specimen
46
void the first keep the rest
24 hour urine collection
47
oral fluids, semi liquid foods, ice, IV fluids, tube feedings, irrigations not withdrawing immediately
fluid input
48
urine, gastrointestinal fluids (emesis=vomiting), liquid feces, drainage (wounds or throat)
fluid output
49
what measures specific gravity?
refractometer
50
UTI are commonly infected with
E. Coli
51
catch and send to lab/refrigerate within 30 mins
freshly voided specimen
52
clean. mid stream
clean catch
53
helps determine UTI
sterile specimen
54
prescribed
24 hours urine collection
55
freshly voided specimen dipstick
US urinary analysis
56
concentration of urine
specific gravity
57
specific gravity should be between
1.002-1.028
58
What are the four parts of the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
59
During secretion what do the kidneys secrete?
Hydrogen, ammonia, creatine, medications
60
Frequency, burning, urgency, bladder spasms, foul-smell, hematuria, back pain, fever, chills
UTI
61
how do you prevent a UTI?
adequate water intake, do not postpone urination, clean from front to back, cotton underwear, avoid tight clothes, urinate after intercourse, avoid bubble baths and baking soda baths
62
inability to empty bladder completely
urinary retention
63
What are the 5 causes of urinary retention?
```
obstruction
inflammation & swelling
neurological
medications
anxiety
```
64
How does E. Coli normally cause UTI's?
from wiping the wrong way
65
Lack of voluntary control of urine
urinary incontinence
66
(overactive bladder)strong urge to void with involuntary urine loss--large amounts
urge incontinence
67
less that 50mL loss of urine r/t increased intrabdominal pressure
stress incontinence
68
happens suring laughter, coughing, sneezing, lifting
stress incontinence
69
combinations of stress and urge
mixed
70
due to distended bladder r/t fecal impact, neurological disorders, enlarged prostate
overflow
71
inability of usually continent people to make it to the toilet in time
functional incontinence
72
short term incontinence (UTI, diuretics)
transient incontinence
73
loss of urine with full bladder but person feels no urge to void
unconscious (reflex) incontinence
74
involuntary after age 5-6
enuresis
75
bedwetting (up to age 10)
nocturnal enuresis
76
```
timed voiding
kegel exercises
reduce caffeine
weight loss
medication(anticholinergic such as ditropen, detrol)
intravaginal devices
surgery
```
urinary incontinence treatments
77
surgical opening for urinary elimination, constant involuntary flow through stoma/ostomy into collection pouch
urinary diversion/urostomy
78
directly routes ureter to abdominal surface (bilateral/unilateral)
cutaneous ureterostomy
79
uses bowel pouch to connect ureters to abdominal surface
illeal conduit
80
(kock pouch) illeal conduit pouch with surface valve that keeps stoma from leaking. pt must self cath
illeal bladder conduit
81
What should a healthy stoma look like?
seep pink/ brick red, shiny, moist, no skin breakdown
82
What happens if urine gets on skin?
acid breaks down skin
83
What medication stimulates bladder contraction?
colinergic
84
bigger catheter =
bigger number
85
Foley catheter is also known as a
indwelling urinary catheter
86
what is the #1 cause of hospital infections
Foley (indwelling) catheters
87
which catheter is used for a sterile specimen?
Straight catheter
88
prevent UTI-closed system
Maintain flow-prevent backflow & stasis of urine
Encourage fluids:measure output
Skin integrity
nursing care for urinary catheter
89
which catheter is used for obstruction?
suprapubic catheter
90
Which blood level lis commonly tested to assess kidney function?
creatine
