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N60 MedSurg > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine glands (8)

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary (anterior+posterior)
Parathyroid
Thyroid
Adrenals
Pancreas
Ovaries (female)
Testes (male)
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2
Q

Releases Vasopression and Oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary

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3
Q

Releases Thyroxine and Calcitonin

A

Thyroid

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4
Q

Releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Parathyroid

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5
Q

Releases Glucocorticoids (cortisol) and Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Adrenal Cortex

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6
Q

Releases Estrogen and Progesterone

A

Ovary

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7
Q

Releases Testosterone

A

Testes

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8
Q

Releases Insulin, Glucagon and Somastatin

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Releases TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH

A

Anterior Pituitary

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10
Q

Releases hormones that activate/innactivate other glands.

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

3 main endocrine problems

A
  • Excess of specific hormone
  • Deficiency of specific hormone
  • Hormone receptor defect
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12
Q

Glands that reside in the brain

A

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

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13
Q

Portal system that allows hypothalamic hormones to go directly to the anterior pituitary

A

hypothalamic-hypophysical portal system

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14
Q

Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

A

Tropic hormones

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15
Q

Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

A

TSH

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16
Q

Stimulates synthesis and release of corticosteroids and adrenocortical growth

A

ACTH

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17
Q

Stimulates ovulation and progesterone secretion in the ovaries or testosterone in the testes

A

LH

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18
Q

Stimulates estrogen secretion and follicle maturation in the ovary or spermatogenesis in the testes

A

FSH

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19
Q

Stimulates breast milk production

A

PRL

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20
Q

Promotes pigmentation

A

MSH

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21
Q

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys

A

ADH aka ___________

22
Q

Stimulates uterine contractions and ejection of breast milk

A

Oxytocin

23
Q

Produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex to help control body fluids and electrolytes

A

Mineralcorticoids

24
Q

Mineralcorticoid that promotes sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidney tubules

A

Aldosterone

25
Q

Stimulates the secretion of aldosterone

A

Angiotensin II

26
Q

Main glucocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol

27
Q

4 Functions of cortisol

A
  • carb, protein, fat metabolism
  • aids body in response to stress
  • aids emotional stability
  • aids immune function
28
Q

Happens when blood cortisol levels are low

A

Hypothalamus secretes CRH, which triggers the pituitary to release ACTH, which then triggers the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

29
Q

Peak levels in the morning and lowest levels 12 hours later.

A

Glucocorticoid levels

30
Q

Catecholamines released by the adrenal medula

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

31
Q

Acts mainly on alpha-adrenergic receptors

A

norepinephrine

32
Q

Acts mainly on beta-adrenergic receptors

A

epinephrine

33
Q

Dietary intake needed to produce thyroid hormones

A

protein and iodine

34
Q

Presence of these thryoid substances directly regulate BMR

A

T4 and T3

35
Q

Balance calcium and phosphorous by reducing bone resporption

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

Increases release of calcitonin and decreases release of PTH

A

elevated serum calcium levels

37
Q

Regulates Ca and PO4 metabolism by acting on bones, kidneys and GI tract

A

PTH

38
Q

Activates vitamin D in the kidneys

A

PTH

39
Q

Secreted by alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans

A

Glucagon

40
Q

Secreted by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans

A

Insulin

41
Q

Secreted by delta cells in the islets of Langerhans

A

Somastatin

42
Q

Inhibits the release of glucoagon

A

Somastatin

43
Q

Secreted when blood glucose is decreased

A

Glucagon

44
Q

Promotes the movement and storage of CHO, protein, and fat. Also enhances glucose movement across cell membranes

A

Insulin

45
Q

Condition that triggers excessive thirst

A

diabetes insipidus

46
Q

Condition that triggers salt craving

A

adrenal hypofunction

47
Q

Stimulus provided to determine whether the gland is capable of normal hormone production

A

stimulation testing

48
Q

Stimulus provided to determine whether the gland is capable of normal hormone suppression

A

suppression tests

49
Q

Measures the level of a specific hormone in blood or other body fluid

A

Assay

50
Q

Best urine test to evaluate endocrine function

A

24-hour urine collection

N60 MedSurg (3 decks)

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