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brain and behaviour > Chapter 3: Divisions of the Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Divisions of the Brain Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Telencephalon: Forebrain

A

largest division of the brain, mediates its most complex functions, initiates movement and complex cognitive processes

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2
Q

Diencephalon: Forebrain

A

composed of two structures:

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3
Q

Thalamus

A

large, two lobed structure, comprises many pairs of nuclei which project to the cortex, involved in motor control, auditory, somatosensory, visual sensory signals, relays signals to cerebral cortex

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4
Q

Massa Intermedia

A

joins the two thalamus lobes

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5
Q

Sensory Relay Nuclei

A

receive signals from sensory receptors, process and transmit to appropriate areas of the cortex

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6
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

A

visual relay system

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7
Q

Media Geniculate Nuclei

A

auditory relay system

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8
Q

Ventral Posterior Nuclei

A

somatosensory relay system

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

located below thalamus, regulates several motivated behaviours (sleep, eating, sex, exerts effects through regulation of the pituitary gland

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10
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

dangles from the ventral surface of the brain

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11
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

point at which the optic nerves from each eye come together

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12
Q

Mammillary bodies

A
  • pair of spherical nuclei located on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, behind the pituitary
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13
Q

Mesencephalon: Midbrain

A

a

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14
Q

Tectum

A

(roof) dorsal surface of the midbrain, composed of two pairs of colliculi

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15
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

Auditory function

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16
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

visual function

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17
Q

Tegmentum

A

division of the mesencephalon ventral to the tectum, contains three colorful structures:

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18
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A

gray matter situated around the cerebral aqueduct

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19
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles, mediates the pain reducing (analgesic) effects of opiate drugs

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20
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

component of the sensorimotor system

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21
Q

Red Nucleus

A

component of the sensorimotor system

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22
Q

Metencephalon: Hindbrain

A

a

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23
Q

Pons

A

Arousal, control of autonomic functions, relay of sensory info between the cerebrum and cerebellum

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24
Q

Cerebellum

A

(little brain) sensorimotor structure, affects ability to control movements

25
Q

Myelencephalon: Hindbrain

A

Medulla, composed of tracts carrying signals between the rest of the brain and the body

26
Q

Reticular Formation

A
  • complex network of 100 nuclei that occupies the central core of the brain stem, involved with arousal and various reflexes
27
Q

Encephalon

A

within the head

28
Q

Brain Stem

A

the stem on which the cerebral hemispheres sit

29
Q

Cerbral Cortex

A

Part of the telencephalon, involved in most complex brain functions

30
Q

Fissures

A

large furrows in a convoluted cortex

31
Q

Sulci

A

small furrows in a convoluted cortex

32
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

the fissure which separates the cerebral hemispheres (right and left)

33
Q

Cerebral Commissures

A

tracts which connect the cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

largest commissure

35
Q

Central Fissure

A
  • Runs down the centre of the brain parallel to the face, divides the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
36
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

divides the Frontal and Temporal Lobes

37
Q

Brain Lobes

A
  • used as distinctions for different parts of the brain, they are not functional units
38
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

motor function and complex cognitive functions (planning, patterns of behaviour)
Front of the cortex

39
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

motor function

40
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

perception of location of both objects and our own bodies, directing our attention, analysis of sensations from the body

41
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

analysis of sensations from the body

42
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

hearing and language, complex visual patterns, certain kinds of memory
Lobe above the ears

43
Q

Superior Temporal Gyrus

A

hearing and language

44
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Analyses visual input to guide behaviour
Back of cortex
`

45
Q

Neocortex

A

six layered cortex of relatively recent evolution
I. Axons and dendrites, few cell bodies
II. Densely packed stellate cells, few small pyramidal cells
III. Loosely Packed stellate cells, intermediate sized pyramidal cells
IV. Bands of densely packed stellate cells, no pyramid cells
V. Very large pyramidal cells, few loosely packed stellate cells
VI. pyramidal cells of various sizes, loosely packed stellate cells

46
Q

Pyramidal

A

large multipolar neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and a large apical dendrite that extends from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortex surface

47
Q

Stellate Cells

A

small star-shaped interneurons with a short or no axon

48
Q

Columnar Organization

A

neurons in a given vertical column of neocortex often form a mini-circuit that performs a single function

49
Q

Limbic System

A

a circuit of midline structures that circle the thalamus (limbic = ring), involved in the four F’s of motivation; fleeing, feeding, fighting and fucking

50
Q

Hippocampus

A

important for some kinds of memory, especially spatial location

51
Q

Amygdala

A

processing of emotions, fear

almond shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe

52
Q

Cingulate Cortex

A

large strip of cortex in the cingulate gyrus, executive function, respiration

53
Q

Fornix

A

major tract of limbic system, circles the dorsal thalamus, carries signals from hippocampus to hypothalamus

54
Q

Septum

A

midline nucleus at anterior tip of the cingulate cortex, connects to amygdala and hippocampus

55
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

control of voluntary motor movements, learning, habits, eye movements, cognition and emotion, involved in Parkinson’s Disease

56
Q

Caudate

A

(tail like) forms almost a complete circle

57
Q

Putamen

A

centre of caudate

58
Q

Striatum

A

striped structure

59
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

medial to the putamen, between putamen and thalamus

brain and behaviour (5 decks)

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