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Kinesiology exam 2 > The Hip Joint > Flashcards

The Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

function of hip joint

A
  • support weight of HAT (head, arms, trunk)

- transmits force between pelvis & LE

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2
Q

type of joint (hip) & the degrees of freedom

A
  • triaxial diarthrodial
  • ball & socket
  • 3 deg of freedom (flex/ext, IR/ER, abduct/adduct)
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3
Q

anatomy of the hip joint (what is on/around it)

A
  • head & acetabulum
  • loose capsule
  • ligaments
  • strong musculature
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4
Q

Anatomy of acetabulum

A
  • covered with thick articular cartilage
  • horseshoe shaped: superior articulating area
  • fibrocartilage labrum: wedge shaped
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5
Q

trabecular lay down cells in the ________ due to ______

A

acetabulum; stress

b/c acetabulum is a weight bearing area!

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6
Q

Center edge angle aka angle of Wilberg

A
  • angle between vertical & antero-lateral rim
  • degree of inferior tilt
  • most common joint for congenital dislocations
    norm - 20-40 deg
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7
Q

Smaller center edge causes ________, leading to a ________ risk of __________

A

diminished head coverage, leading to an increased risk of superior dislocation

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8
Q

Center edge angle ________ with age, causing children to be ______ susceptible to dislocation

A

increases; more

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9
Q

Acetabular aversion “norms”

A

19 - 40 degrees

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10
Q

pathological issues of acetabular aversion causes:

A

decreased stability, ultimately causing anterior dislocation

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11
Q

Acetabulum - labrum

A

deepens socket, causing an increase in concavity
- grasps the head of femur

labrum: fibrocartilage wedge shape

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12
Q

Femoral head

A
  • 2/3 of a sphere
  • covered by articular cartilage
  • fovea
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13
Q

fovea

A

ligament of head of the femur (ligamentum teres)

- carries neurovascular supply to head of femur

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14
Q

Femoral head - angle of inclination

A

frontal plane

congruency occurs at 125 deg in adults – decreases with age 150 –> 120 deg

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15
Q

COXA VALGA

femoral head angle of inclination

A

greater than 125 degrees

valgus at hip contributes to veras at knee

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16
Q

COXA VERA

A

less than 125 degrees

veras at hip contributes to valgus at knee

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17
Q

femoral head- angle of torsion

A
  • transverse plane
  • angle between femoral neck & condyles
    averages 12-15 degrees in normal adults
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18
Q

anteversion

A

TOE IN

increase in torsion angle –> internal femoral torsion

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19
Q

retroversion

A

TOE OUT

decrease in torsion angle –> external femoral torsion

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20
Q

Hip joint congruence

A
  • very congruent but not perfect b/c we need to weight bear and we need “cushion” to do so
  • acetabulum does not cover head superiorly
  • only periphery of acetabulum is articular
  • deep acetabular fossa important for vacuum - sucks femoral head in the fossa
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21
Q

pathological angle of inclination/torsion causes:

A

less congruency, leading to instability

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22
Q

Change in center edge can alter ______ causing a ______ in stability

A

congruency; decrease

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23
Q

Hip joint capsule

A
  • strong & dense –> important for stability
  • attaches to periphery of acetabulum and blends with labrum
  • covers femoral neck & attaches to base of neck
24
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

ANTERIOR

  • Y ligament of Bigelow
  • AIIS to the intertrochanteric line
  • checks hip extension

(check = prevents/resists)

25
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

ANTERIOR

  • pubic ramus to intertrochanteric fossa
  • taut in abduction & extension
26
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

POSTERIOR

- femoral neck to acetabular rim/labrum

27
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament horizontal fibers tighten during:

A

ABDUCTION

28
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament spiral fibers tighten during _____ & loosen during ________

A

extension; flexion

29
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament during close-packed position:

A

extension

30
Q

ligament of head of femur

A
  • Doesn’t play a major role in stability
  • Neurovascular conduit (especially in young since vessels can’t cross cartilaginous endplates) == circumflex femoral artery
31
Q

Weight bearing structures

A
  • intricate trabeculae arrangement in femur & pelvis

- increase subchondral boned density in superior acetabulum primary weight bearing surface

32
Q

Zone of weakness

A
  • region of femoral neck
  • susceptible to bending forces
  • fracture 2 deg to increase forces or tissue changes (i.e. osteoporosis)
33
Q

Arthrokinematics:

Neurtal flex/extend-

A

almost a pure spin

34
Q

arthrokinematics:

outside of neutral-

A

combined spin & glide

35
Q

arthrokinematics:

IR/ER & abduct/adduct-

A

spin & glide

36
Q

arthrokinematics:

weight bearing femur fixed -

A

concave on convex (same direction)

37
Q

Osteokinematics - normal flexion (ROM)

A

120 - 135 deg

38
Q

Osteokinematics - normal extension ROM

A

10 - 30 deg

39
Q

osteokinematics - normal abduction ROM

A

30 - 50 deg

40
Q

Osteokinematics - normal adduction ROM

A

10 - 30 deg

41
Q

Osteokinematics - normal ER ROM

A

45 - 60 deg

42
Q

Osteokinematics - normal IR ROM

A

30 - 45 deg

43
Q

Functional hip ROM - flexion

A

124 deg

tying a shoe or squatting

44
Q

Functional hip ROM - extension

A

10 deg

gait

45
Q

functional hip ROM - abduction

A

28 deg

squatting

46
Q

functional hip ROM - ER

A

75 - 90 deg

foot across opposite thigh

47
Q

HAT = ____ of total Body weight

A

2/3

48
Q

each LE is _____ of total body weight

A

1/6

1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3

49
Q

compression on the hip (due to grav) during a unilateral stance can be calculated by

A 
(HAT + LE) x BW
ex- let BW = 180 lbs
(2/3 + 1/6) x 180 = 5/6 x 180 = 150 lbs
50
Q

Maintaining static equilibrium

A

1st determine torque at hip due to gravity

  • Moment arm from AOR to LOG = 4 inches
  • Adduction torque = force x MA (perp distance)

= (5/6)(BW)(MA)
=150 x 4
= 600 in-lbs

51
Q

hip _____ exert an equal counter torque to maintain equilibrium/balance

A

abductors

52
Q

compensatory lean when experiencing hip pain occurs on which side???

A

towards the affected limb

- compression on hip joint remains the same due to gravity

53
Q

compensatory lean: LOG moves ___to or from?___ hip joint AOR

A

towards!

  • reduces the HAT moment arm
  • reduces the total force put on hip so it feels less painful when you do a compensatory lean
54
Q

Which hand to we put cane in

A

contralateral side

side opposite of injury

55
Q

why do we give ppl walkers/canes

A

compensatory lean causes wear & tear

56
Q

why do we put the cane on the opposite side of injury

A

so they gluteus minims & medius don’t have to do work…. cane pushes you back upright (w/ lat dorsi & arm)

  • – muscles will have to generate less force to work
    • promotes upright posture
57
Q

what happens when you put the cane on the ipsilateral side????

A

muscles will need to work just as hard with the cane as without the cane

Kinesiology exam 2 (3 decks)

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