Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology exam 2 > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Stability functions of foot & ankle

A

1) stabile BOS for the body in weight bearing (without muscular effort or energy expenditure)
2) rigid lever for push off during gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mobility functions of foot & ankle

A

1) dampening of rotations imposed by proximal joints
2) flexible enough to absorb forces from ground
3) conform to terrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many bones & joints in foot/ankle

A

28 bones

25 joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 functional segments of foot

A

hindfoot
midfoot
forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hindfoot

A

talus

calcaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

midfoot

A

navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms (3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals

phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ankle joint is called

A

talocrural joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

talocrural joint

A
  • synovial joint
  • 1 degree of freedom with oblique axis (goes on an angle)
  • proximal concave surface (mortise)
  • distal convex surface (talus)
  • very congruent joint secondary due to bony mortise & ligamentous support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mortise

A

concave surface. distal tibia, malleoli of tibia & fibula act as a wrench to allow for plantar and dorsi flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is ankle very congruent

A

want ROM movement only therefore congruent — unlike the hand we do not need to fully pronate/supinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anatomy of talocrural joint

A

head & neck
body
3 facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

oblique axis

A

lateral malleolus –> body of talus —> distal medial malleolus

  • lateral malleolus is more posterior and inferior than medial malleolus
  • axis 20-30 deg laterally rotated (transverse plane)
  • lower on lateral side by 10 deg (Frontal plane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the talocrural joint has _______ motion (it moves in ____(number) of planes )

A

TRIPLANAR; 3 planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thin capsule of talocrural joint is _____ anteriorly & posteriorly

A

WEAK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Deltoid ligament (MCL) - ankle

A

tibia malleolus –> navicular, talus, calcaneous

  • very strong
  • checks valgus stress (ankles moving close together)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lateral collateral ligament 3 bands

A
  • anterior talofibular
  • posterior talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
  • weak ligament
  • checks varus stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

weakest band of the lateral collateral ligament of ankle

A

anterior talofibular

  • most common sprain location on ankle
  • – lots of ROM in this area however bc it is weaker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint

A
  • synovial
  • fibula head
  • posterolateral tibia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

distal tibiofibular joint

A
  • fibrous union (syndesmosis)
  • between distal tibia & fibula
  • ligaments for mortise stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ligamentous structures important for mortise stability

A

crucial interosseous tibiofibular, anterior/posterior tibiofibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

talocrural kinematics arthrokinematics

A

convex talus

concave mortise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

talocrural kinematics osteokinematics

A

20 deg dorsiflexion

30 - 55 deg plantarflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

subtalar/talocalcaneal joint plane articulations (3)

A

posterior, anterior & middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

posterior talocalcaneal joint articulation

A

largest joint
concave talus
convex calcaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

anterior talocalcaneal joint

A

convex talus

concave calcaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

middle talocalcaneal joint

A

convex talus

concave calcaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of subtaler & talocalcaneal joint

A
  • dampen rotation forces imposed by body weight during foot/floor contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

subtalar/talocalcaneal joint arthrokinematics

A

complex (Screw like motion)

  • triplanar motion about oblique axis
  • 1 degree of freedom
  • supination & pronation
30
Q

subtalar/talocalcaneal joint ligamentous support

A
  • stable joint
  • interosseous talocacaneal ligaments (anterior & posterior bands)
  • MCL & LCL of ankle
  • posterior and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
31
Q

subtalar talocalcaneal supination (non-WB) – calcaneous actions:

A 
adduction (vertical axis)
inversion (long axis of foot)
plantar flexion (coronal axis)

open chain
turn soles of foot in

32
Q

subtalar talocalcaneal pronation (non-WB) – calcaneous actions:

A

abduction (vertical axis)
eversion (long axis of foot)
dorsiflexion (coronal axis)

open chain
soles of foot turn out

33
Q

subtalar/talocacaneal supination (weight bearing) actions

A 
calcaneous inversion (varus)
talus abduction (ER verticle axis)
talus dorsiflexion 
tibial external rotation

closed chain

34
Q

subtalar/talocalcaneal pronation (weight bearing)

A 
calcaneus eversion (valgus)
talus adduction (IR - verticle axis)
talus plantarflexion
tibial internal rotation
35
Q

function of subtler/talocalcaneal pronation (weight bearing)

A

foot = bag of bones (open packed)
weight acceptance during gait
conform to ground
attenuation of GRF

36
Q

function of subtler/talocalcaneal supination (weight bearing)

A

foot = lock up foot (closed pack position)
push off during gait
rigid lever

pulls ligaments together – important because pushing off to walk you need a nice firm lever

37
Q

talocalcaneonavicular joint - key to foot function

A

= subtalar joint + navicular joint

  • talus head (Convex) moves on relatively fixed navicular (concave)
  • triplanar motion
  • 1 deg of freedom: pronation/supination
38
Q

navicular socket is deepened by:

talocalcaneonavicular joint

A
  • plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) - inferiorly
  • deltoid ligament - medially
  • bifurcate/laterally calcaneonavicular ligament -laterally
39
Q

talus analogous to ball-bearing between

A
  • tibiofibular mortise
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
40
Q

transverse tarsal/midtarsal joint

A

= talonavicular joint + calcaneouboid joint

  • divides foot into hind foot & mid foot
  • talus/calcaneus moves on relatively fixed cuboid & navicular
41
Q

talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

subtalar joint
talonavicular joint

S from side

42
Q

transverse tarsal/midtarsal joint

A

talonavicular joint

calcaneocuboid joint

43
Q

TCN joint dictates motion of _____ joints and ______ joint follows along

A

transverse tarsal;

calcaneocuboid

44
Q

TCN is _____ (locked) —-> transverse tarsal is _______ (locked

A

supinated;

supinated

45
Q

Functions of transverse tarsal

A
  • transitional link between hind foot and forefoot
  • enhance pronation & supination TCN joint
  • allows forefoot to remain flat on ground while calcaneus is in varus or valgus (compensation)
46
Q

TCN pronation —> foot bag of bones –> both hind foot & mid foot are free to _____ to ______ to floor

A

compensate;
accomodate

Weight acceptance!

47
Q

TCN supination –> restricts ____________ joint motion –> _________ joint is supinated —> rigid lever to push off from

A

transverse tarsal;
transverse tarsal;

no floppy foot!!

48
Q

articulation:

1st TMT = 1st MET + ?

A

medial cuneiform

49
Q

2nd TMT = 2nd MET + ?

A

mortise (cuneiforms)

50
Q

3rd TMT = 3rd MET + ?

A

lateral cuneiform

51
Q

4th & 5th TMT = 4th & 5th MET + ?

A

cuboid

52
Q

TMT function

A
  • function is continuation of transverse tarsal joint

- if inadequate motion exists at transverse tarsal joint, TMT will provide additional motion for full compensation

53
Q

supination twist

A
  • calcaneous pronates

- distal part of foot supinates to walk normal

54
Q

pronation twist

A
  • calcaneous supinates

- distal part of foot twists to pronate to allow to walk normally

55
Q

MTP joints deg of freedom

A

2 DOF
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction

56
Q

MTP anatomy

A

1st 2- sesamoid bones = anatomical pulleys for FHB - flexor hallucis brevis

57
Q

MTP joints which motion is most important

A

extension is more important than flexion because of GAIT

82 deg/17 deg – 1st MTP

58
Q

IP joints anat

A

9

  • uniaxial synovial joints
  • convex surface of distal aspects of proximal segment
  • concave surface of proximal aspect of distal segment
59
Q

plantar aponeurosis (fascia)

A
  • dense fascia from calcaneus to the proximal phalanx of each toe
  • extension of MTP to tighten plantar aponeurosis
  • assists in locking up the foot
60
Q

heel spurs due to

A

plantar fascitis

61
Q

plantar fascitis

A

inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis

62
Q

longitudinal plantar arches

A
  • based posteriorly at calcaneus and anteriorly at MET heads

- throughout foot but more prominent medially

63
Q

transverse plantar arches

A
  • viewed at MET heads and anterior tarsals
  • middle cuneiform is keystone
  • 2nd MET is apex of arch
64
Q

Plantar arches structure is maintained via

A
  • shape and arrangement of bones

- ligamentous support of joints

65
Q

plantar arch ligamentous support

A

stabilize & provide mobility

  • spring - plantar calcaneonavicular
  • long plantar
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • short plantar
66
Q

spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)

A

medial longitudinal

67
Q

long plantar

A

lateral longitudinal

68
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

longitudinal

69
Q

short plantar (plantar calcneocuboid)

A

lateral longitudinal

70
Q

plantar arch function - stability

A
  • distribute weight for proper weight bearing

- conversion of foot to a rigid lever

71
Q

plantar arch function - mobility

A
  • damening ground reaction forces during weight bearing
  • adaptation to ground
  • dampening of superimposed rotations from top down

Kinesiology exam 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions