Question 1

Exanthems, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Any eruption or rash that appears on the skin, as opposed to one that appears on the mucous membranes (enathem). The term is often used to describe childhood or infectious rashes, e.g., measles or scarlet fever, but it also applies to other rashes.

Question 2

Enathem, definition

Accepted Answer

Enanthem: Or enanthema, is a rash inside the body. An example: the spots in measles (Koplik's spots) inside the mouth that look like a tiny grains of white sand surrounded by a red ring.

Question 3

Exanthem, definition

Accepted Answer

A rash on the outside of the body is called an exanthem. A patient with measles may have both an exanthem and an enanthem or enanthema.

Question 4

Roseola, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Also called 6th Disease A transient infectious disease of early childhood (usually between the ages of 6 and 24 months) in which children develop a high fever, sore throat, conjunctivitis, and swollen lymph glands. Fever, fever, fever breaks, rash.

Question 5

Roseola, APEA

Accepted Answer

Classic, almost always appears on the exam. A child has high fever for three days or so, the fever abruptly goes away, and then a rash develops.

Question 6

Roseaola, Management

Accepted Answer

Supportive care: - Good hydration. - Frequent sips for fluids (soups and broths, water, ice, juices, etc) - Comfort the child - Acetaminophen for fevers. - Avoid heavy blanketing or clothing. - Sponge baths.

Question 7

Fifth Disease, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Erythema infectiosum A mild, moderately contagious disease seen most commonly in school-age children. - School-age children. - Transmission thought to be via respiratory secretions. - Mild, brief illness; fever, malaise, HA, pruritus. Erythema appears 10 days later. - Erythema = facial redness similar to having been slapped. Less distinct rash can appear on extremities and trunk - Usually resolves in within one week but can reoccur if exposed to heat, cold, exercise, or stress. - Also, mild, transient anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia may develop.

Question 8

Fifth Disease, APEA

Accepted Answer

Slapped Cheek Disease Only viral exanthem with a lacy macular rash.

Question 9

Fifth Disease, management

Accepted Answer

Most require no specific therapy. Pts with chronic hemolytic anemia may experience transient aplastic crisis (TAC). Educate these patients about danger and signs and symptoms.

Question 10

Transient aplastic crisis, Taber's

Accepted Answer

A serious complication of infection with human parvovirus B-19 infection in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia such as sickle cell disease. This virus causes erythema infectiosum (5th disease). aplastic = failure of an organ to develop normally. aplastic anemia = anemia caused by a severe decrease in the number of stem cells and/or white blood cell ancestors.

Question 11

Rubella, Taber's, general information

Accepted Answer

German measles or 3rd disease, also 3 day measles A mild, febrile, highly infectious viral disease formerly common in childhood before development of an effective vaccine. Spread: contact with nasopharygeal secretion, blood, urine, stool, and possibly by contact with contaminated clothing, tissues, etc. Humans are the only known host. Contagious: 10 days prior to appearance of rash until about 5 days after its disappearance. Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two diseases share some characteristics, including the red rash. However, rubella, German measles, is caused by a different virus than measles (rubeola) and is neither as infectious or usually as severe as measles.

Question 12

TORCH viruses

Accepted Answer

A group of viruses associated with a wide variety of severe congenital malformations. Includes: - Toxoplasma - Others - Rubella (German measles) virus w/fever & rash lasting 2-3 days - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Herpes Infections known to produce congenital defects have been described with the acronym TORCH (Toxoplasma, others, rubella, cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes). The "others" category has rapidly expanded to include several viruses known to cause neonatal disease. Others: Other viruses now known to cause congenital infections include parvovirus B19 (B19V), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), West Nile virus, measles virus, enteroviruses, adenovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Also of importance is hepatitis E virus because of the high mortality rate associated with infection in pregnant women. Recently, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has been implicated as a teratogenic rodent-borne arenavirus. Worldwide, congenital HIV infection is now a major cause of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality, responsible for an estimated 4 million deaths since the start of the HIV pandemic. The breadth and depth of this problem is beyond the scope of this article.

Question 13

Rubella, Taber's, signs and symptoms

Accepted Answer

German measles, 3rd disease 1 - 5 day prodromal period of drowsiness, mild temperature elevation, slight sore throat, Forschheimer spots (pinpoint reddish areas on the palate), and postauricular, postcervical, and occipital lymphadenopathy commonly precedes the rash and is the hallmark of the disease. The maculopapular rash resembles that of measles or scarlet fever, begins on the forehead and face, spreads downward to the trunk and extremities, and lasts about 3 days, accompanied by fever. The rash appears in only about 50% of infections.

Question 14

Rubella, Taber's, TORCH

Accepted Answer

Rubella occurring during the first trimester of pregnancy has devastating consequences for the developing fetus. Congenital rubella syndrome: CRS infection of the fetus early in a pregnancy, leading to a wide range of problems including: - Spontaneous abortion or stillbirth - Major birth defects of the heart, eyes, or CNS, including deafness. Risk of CRS is as high as 85% in non-vaccinated women. MMR is a live virus vaccine, cannot be used in pregnant women. Women should avoid pregnancy for 3 months post vaccination. Fetal infection can be determined by serial studies of the immunoglobulin gamma M and immunoglobulin gamma G rubella antibodies. Infants with CRS are considered contagious.

Question 15

Rubeola, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Measles, 1st Disease A highly communicable disease caused by the rubeola virus and marked by fever, general malaise, sneezing, nasal congestion, brassy cough, conjunctivitis, spots on the buccal mucosa (Koplik spots), and a maculopapular eruption over the entire body. Spread: Inhalation of contaminated air. Greatest communicability occurs during the prodromal period, which occurs approximately 11 days after exposure to the virus. Incubation: 8 - 14 days. S/sx: Onset is gradual and includes coryza, rhinitis, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and gradually increasing temperature for the first 2 days up to 101 to 103. Koplik spots appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the molars on the 2nd or 3rd day. The fever peaks about the 4th day, at times as high as 104 to 106. Photophobia and cough soon develop; when this happens, the temperature may fall somewhat. This is when the rash appears. Rash: Appears first on the face as small red maculopapular lesions that grow rapidly and coalesce in places, often causing a swollen, mottled appearance. The somewhat pruritis rash extends outward to the rest of the body and extremities and in some areas may resemble the rash of scarlet fever. The rash generally lasts 4 - 5 days, as it subsides, the temperature declines.

Question 16

Koplik spots, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Any of the small red spots with blue-white centers on the oral mucosa, particularly in the region opposite the molars; a diagnostic sign in measles before the rash appears. Not infrequently, the spots disappears as the rash develops. Rubeola

Question 17

Forschheimer spot

Accepted Answer

a fleeting exanthem consisting of discrete rose spots on the soft palate sometimes seen in rubella just prior to the onset of the skin rash.

Question 18

Rubeola, management, Taber's

Accepted Answer

Measles Droplet type isolation from diagnosis until 4 days after the rash appears. Bedrest and a quiet, calm environment, with a dimly lit room to counteract the effects of photophobia. Eye secretions are removed with warm saline or water, Child needs to avoid rubbing eyes. Supportive care: - Adequate fluid intake - Antipryetics as necessary - Cool mist vaporizer to relieve cough and coryza - Antipruritic medication to prevent itching. - NO aspirin. Assessments are made for complications (otitis media, PNM, mastoiditis, brochiolitis, laryngotracheitis with obstructive edema, and encephalitis) as they require early management. Hand hygiene and wash or get rid of contaminated articles.

Question 19

Coryza, Taber's

Accepted Answer

An acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by profuse nasal discharge. ko RI za A fancy term for a cold!

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Disc 18 - Peds Part 2, Viral Exanthems, Other Rashes, Otitis Media, 9 - 10 Flashcards

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