2.8 The Effects of Poor Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrition:

Answer 1

The science of how the body uses food

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

Substances that are found in food and needed by the body to function, grow, repair itself and produce energy.

Question 3

Nutritious

Answer 3

Foods containing a wide variety of nutrients essential for health and well being

Question 4

There are side effects to poor nutrition…
People can either get

Answer 4

too MUCH nutrients or too LITTLE nutrients
In either case, it has a negative impact on the body…

Question 5

Nutrient Deficiency

Answer 5

– a severe nutrient shortage

Question 6

Nutrient Toxicity –

Answer 6

too much of a nutrient = becomes toxic in the body

Question 7

Nutrient Deficiency
A nutrient deficiency happens when the body does

Deficiencies can cause

Answer 7

not absorb or get from food the necessary amount of a nutrient.

health problems for individuals if not taken care of over time. These health problems can include digestion problems, skin disorders, issues with bone growth, and memory issues. Remember that the amount of each nutrient we need depends on our age.

Question 8

A nutrient deficiency can be caused by a

Answer 8

poor diet that lacks essential nutrients, a disease or medication that impairs absorption, or both.

Question 9

The body can store some

Answer 9

nutrients, so deficiencies may not be caught until the body has been without the nutrient for some time.

Question 10

Malnutrition
Serious health problems caused by

Answer 10

poor nutrition over a prolonged period of time
Generally occurs when people do not get enough to eat but can occur from eating the wrong types of foods (empty calories vs nutrient dense)
May result from poverty

Question 11

Carbohydrates
Toxicity

Answer 11

Weight gain
Obesity; diabetes
Tooth decay from excess of simple sugars

Question 12

Carbohydrates; Deficiency

Answer 12

Weight loss if low on other macronutrients
Lead to use of protein which is needed to build and repair cells
Puts strain on body systems

Question 13

Protein: Toxicity

Answer 13

Most North Americans eat more than required amount
Can lead to liver and kidney problems
Converted into fat, leading to weight gain

Question 14

Protein: Deficiency

Answer 14

More common in developing countries and people living in poverty:
KWASHIORKOR disease – child does not reach full growth; stomach bloats despite rest of body being very skinny
- MARASMUS disease – lack of protein and calories cause body to become thin, weak, and wither away

Question 15

Fats: Toxicity

Answer 15

Coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, hypertension, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, cancer, obesity

Question 16

Fats
Deficiency

Answer 16

Very uncommon in North America
Weight loss and stress on internal body systems
Fat soluble vitamins not transported = deficiency of ADEK

Question 17

Vitamin A
Toxicity

Answer 17

Liver damage

Question 18

Vitamin A
Deficiency

Answer 18

NIGHT BLINDNESS (inability to see in low light)
Dry scaly skin
Tiredness

Question 19

Vitamin C
Toxicity

Answer 19

Excreted in urine
May cause stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea

Question 20

Vitamin C
Deficiency

Answer 20

SCURVY: tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, sore bones and muscles, loss of appetite

Question 21

Calcium
Toxicity

Answer 21

Hinders absorption of other nutrients such as iron and zinc

Question 22

Calcium
Deficiency

Answer 22

OSTEOPOROSIS: often in older adults, causes breaks in bones especially in hips and wrists

Question 23

Iron
Toxicity

Answer 23

Liver damage

Question 24

Iron
Deficiency

Answer 24

ANEMIA: pale skin, tiredness, loss of appetite, feeling cold