Test Two

Question 1

Wissenschaft

Answer 1

(‘science’) research based atmosphere, academic freedom and apprenticeship model of study

Question 2

Ernst Weber

Answer 2

• Two point threshold
• JNDs (just noticeable differences)
• Webers law

Question 3

Gustav Fechner

Answer 3

• Absolute threshold, difference threshold

* Method of limits, method of constant stimuli, method of adjustment

Question 4

Wilhelm Wundt’s

Answer 4

• The ‘personal equation’
• The ‘subtractive method’ for mental chronometry reaction times, also called the complication experiment

-Voluntarism (active mind) and apperception

Question 5

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 5

• Nonsense syllables
• Serial learning (effort to learn to mastery)
• Set size
• The saving method
• The forgetting function

Question 6

G. E. Muller

Answer 6

• Retroactive inhibition
• Jost’s law: practice strengthens older lists
• The memory drum

Question 7

Oswald Kulpe

Answer 7

• Systematic experimental introspections
• (‘self observing rather than apperceptive ‘inner perception)
• fractionization
• Mental sets
• The problem of imageless thoughts and conscious attitudes

Question 8

Darwin’s theory of evolution

Answer 8

1. Overproductions – species tend to have a large amount of offspring – the struggle to survive
2. Variation of a characteristics – the Finches birds with different beaks – different beaks allow them to eat different foods
3. Heredity – these characteristics can be passed along from generation to generation
4. Selection (Differential reproductive success)

Question 9

Douglas Spalding

Answer 9

o Instinct
o Imprinting
o Critical periods

Question 10

George Romanes

Answer 10

the anecdotal method and animal intelligence

Question 11

Conwy Lloyd Morgan

Answer 11

the principle of parsimony, animal life and intelligence and an introduction to comparative psychology

Question 12

Francis Galton

Answer 12

• The survey method
• Twin studies
• Correlation statistics
o Eugenics: selective breeding applied to humans

Question 13

William James

Answer 13

introspection, brass instrument, comparative

o habits should be formed by:
• 1. Public announcement
• 2. Consistency
• 3. Structure
• life to reinforce habits
• James Lange theory: ‘emotion follows act’
• James philosophy: pragmatism - spiritualism

Question 14

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 14

Genetic psychology: comparative, abnormal and developmental