Unit 3 Termonology

Question 0

The 1419 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.

Answer 0

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 1

Spanish soldier explorers

Answer 1

Conquistadors

Question 2

A large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology

Answer 2

Mexica Empire

Question 3

The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532

Answer 3

Inca Empire

Question 4

The names for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata

Answer 4

Viceroyalties

Question 5

A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery.

Answer 5

Encomienda system

Question 6

The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.

Answer 6

Columbian exchange

Question 7

The name of a series of treaties that concluded the thirty years war in 1648 and marked the end of large scale religious violence in Europe.

Answer 7

Peace of Westphalia

Question 8

A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation.

Answer 8

Fronde

Question 9

A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation’s international power was based in its wealth, specifically it’s supply of gold and silver.

Answer 9

Mercantilism

Question 10

A series of treaties from 1713 to 1715, that ended the war of the Spanish succession, ended French expansion in Europe,and marked the rise of the British empire.

Answer 10

Peace of Utrecht

Question 11

The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Fredrick William in his consolidation of Prussia state.

Answer 11

Junkers

Question 12

The highest ranking members of the Russian nobility.

Answer 12

Boyars

Question 13

Free groups and outlaw armies comprising runaway peasants living on the boarders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward. By the end of 16th century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.

Answer 13

Cossacks

Question 14

The rulers of Ottoman Empire; he owned all of the agriculture land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves

Answer 14

Sultan

Question 15

The cite of the sultan’s army, composed of slave conscripts from non Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force.

Answer 15

Janissary Corps

Question 16

A system used by Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each nation enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.

Answer 16

Millet system

Question 17

A form of Government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government of the one hand and the rights and liberties of the subjects of subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics.

Answer 17

Constitutionalism

Question 18

A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives

Answer 18

Republicanism

Question 19

Members of a 16th and 17th century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings.

Answer 19

Puritans

Question 20

The English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I.

Answer 20

Protectorate

Question 21

Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and attend or teach at the universities.

Answer 21

Test act

Question 22

The executive officer in each of the united provinces of the Netherlands, a position often held by the princes of Orange.

Answer 22

Stadholder

Question 23

First-hand account of Marco Polo’s voyage of 1492.

Answer 23

Travels of Marco Polo

Question 24

(1394–1460), a younger son of the king. Supported the study of geography and navigation and he sponsored the annual expeditions down the western coast of Africa.

Answer 24

Henry “the navigator”

Question 25

Succeeded rounding the Cape while commanding a fleet of warships in search of a sea route to India.

Answer 25

Vasco de Gama

Question 26

Genoese mariner in the service of the Spanish crown. He wanted to find a direct Ocean trade route to Asia.

Answer 26

Christopher Columbus

Question 27

(1454–1512) Florentine navigator who realized that America is a continent separate from Asia. Because of this bold claim the continent was named after him.

Answer 27

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 28

Led the fleet that circumnavigated the globe for the first time ever.

Answer 28

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 29

Conquistador, launch the conquest of the Mexicana empire.

Answer 29

Hernando Cortes

Question 30

The Conquistador of modest Spanish origins, landed on the northern coast of Peru on May 13, 1532.

Answer 30

Francisco Pizarro

Question 31

Colony of Virginia was founded there in 1607.

Answer 31

Jamestown

Question 32

(1620) a small struggling outpost

Answer 32

Plymouth

Question 33

French navigator and explorer who founded the first permanent French settlement, at
Quebec and in 1608, a year after the English founding of Jamestown.

Answer 33

Samuel de Champlain

Question 34

Local officials that held judicial and military powers.

Answer 34

Corregidores

Question 35

The territory conquered from the Inca Empire where the Spanish discovered an extraordinary source of silver.

Answer 35

Potosi

Question 36

A French writer who believed that no culture was superior, only different.

Answer 36

Michel de Montaigne

Question 37

Dramatist who was known for his unique style of characters and understanding of human psychology.

Answer 37

William Shakespeare

Question 38

From 1618 to 1648, a war divided into four phases, violently upturned the natural balance of life during the first half of the 17th century.

Answer 38

30 years’ war

Question 39

Swedish King during the third phase of the 30 years war; Swedish phase. Supported the Protestants.

Answer 39

King Gustavus Adolphus

Question 40

Declared war on Spain and sent military, as well as financial assistance.

Answer 40

Cardinal Richelieu