Unit 6 Terms Flashcards
A simple, inexpensive, hand powered machine created by James Hargreaves in 1765
Spinning jenny
A term first coined in the 1830s to describe the burst of major inventions and economic expansion that took place in certain industries, such as cotton textiles and iron.
Industrial revolution
A spinning machine created by Richard Arkwright that had a capacity of several hundred spindles and used water power; it there fore required a larger and more specialized mill—a factory
Water frame
A breakthrough invention by Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 that burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump; the early models were superseded by James Watt’s more efficient ones, patented in 1769
Steam engine
The name given to George Stephenson’s effective locomotive that was first tested in 1830 on the Liverpool and Manchester railway at 16 mph
Rocket
The location of the great exhibition in 1851 in London, an architectural masterpiece made entirely of glass and iron.
Crystal Palace
Theory proposed by English economist David Ricardo suggesting that pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above the subsistence level.
Iron law of wages
A government’s way of protecting and aiding it’s own economy by laying high taxes on imported goods from other countries, as when the French responded to cheaper British goods flooding their country by imposing high tariffs on son imported products
Tariff protection
Policies aimed at protecting an developing a country’s economy.
Economic nationalism
An individual’s sense of class differentiation.
Class-consciousness
Group of handicraft workers who attacked whole factories in northern England in 1812 and after, smashing the new machines that they believed were putting them out of work
Liddites
English law that led to a sharp decline in the employment of children by limiting the hours that children over age nine could work and requiring younger children to to attended factory-run elementary schools.
Factory act of 1833
A gender division of labor with the wife at home as mother and homemaker and the husband as wage earner.
Separate spheres
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as for boys under 10
Mines act of 1842
English law passes in 1799 that outlawed unions and strikes, favoring capitalist business people over skilled artisans. Bitterly resented and widely disregarded by many craft guilds, the acts were repealed by parliament in 1824.
Combination acts
