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Sociology 1000 > Powerpoint #5 - Socialization > Flashcards

Powerpoint #5 - Socialization Flashcards

1
Q

What are the theoretically views of socialization?

A
  1. Functional- inheriting culture
  2. Conflict- passing on advantage
  3. Symbolic Interactionist- constructing social self
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2
Q

What is the functional view of socialization?

A

Inheriting Culture

  • knowledge passed from one generation to the next
  • -> also in subcultures for engaging in illicit activity (Heyl: studied formal training of prostitutes)
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3
Q

What is the conflict view of socialization?

A

Passing on Advantage

  • means by which rich/powerful pass advantage on to children (to justify and reproduce the status quo)
  • -> Allat: studied how parents used economic/social capital to give their children advantages
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4
Q

What is social channeling?

A

process in which children’s of rich are prepared for position of authority and children of poor are prepared for position of subservience

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5
Q

What is the Symbolic Interactionist view on socialization?

A

Constructing Social Self

-developing sense of self by interaction with significant others

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6
Q

What is the preparatory stage?

A

1st stage in child’s social development where behavior is largely imitation of significant other (mom/dad)

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7
Q

What is the play stage?

A

2nd stage in social development where one learns to evaluate themselves from the view of significant other (mom/dad)

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8
Q

What is the game stage?

A

3rd stage of social development where one learns to take on the role of multiple people (ex. understanding baseball)

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9
Q

What is the adult stage?

A

4th stage in development where one takes on the role of the generalized other (what people in general view of you), assessing behavior in terms of norms/values and responding to abstract principals/symbols

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10
Q

What is formal socialization?

A

socialization occurring in settings designed for socialization (ex. employee orientation)

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11
Q

What is informal socialization?

A

socialization in which peers/more experienced members train newcomers as they carry out their roles
–> Hunt: studied police force, found that they were taught in formal orientation to minimize violence, but informal socialization taught them to protect themselves first

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12
Q

What is border work?

A

interactions that strengthen gender boundaries

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13
Q

What is anticipatory socialization?

A

socialization for a status that occurs before the person occupies the status (ex. career preparation)

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14
Q

What is resocialization?

A

process of unlearning old norms, roles, and values then learning new ones by defining new social environment (ex. prison, army, college)

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15
Q

What is a degradation ceremony?

A

*initiation

ritual when someone experiences negative experiences/often embarrassing in presence of others

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16
Q

What are the steps of socialization of dying?

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. resignation
  5. acceptance
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17
Q

What are rites of passage?

A

ritual you go through that ha an impact on your life (can be negative)

18
Q

What are the four stages of childhood socialization according to Mead?

A
  1. preparatory stage
  2. play stage
  3. game stage
  4. adult stage
19
Q

What is “looking-glass self?”

A

through which we see ourselves as others see us

20
Q

What is George Herbert Mead’s view on socialization?

A
  • symbolic interactionism: stresses role of symbols in human communication and thought and highlights the impact of the social environment on both behavior and sense of self
  • people become socialized by by becoming able to anticipate how others will respond to their actions/characteristics
    (ex. child breaking something anticipates that their parents will ground them)
21
Q

What is the generalized other?

A

the widely shared norms and values of the broad society that provide the standards for evaluating individual behavior

22
Q

What are secondary adjustments?

A

ways individuals who are trapped in demeaning social statuses attempt to distance themselves from the status and the self it implies

23
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

perspective on human psychology that emphasizes the complex reasoning processes of the human mind as it tries to balance biological and sexual needs within social constraints

24
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s view on socialization?

A
  • Psychosexual Development: psychoanalysis
  • focused on biology/aging and socialization
  • human personality in three components: the id (irrational, pleasure seeking), the ego (rational, realistic), and the superego (values/norms, conscience)
25
Q

What was Jean Piaget’s view on socialization?

A
  • Cognitive Development
  • young children go through four distinct stages in their ability to reason/perceive as a result of biological maturation and social experience
26
Q

What was Lawrence Kohlberg’s view on socialization?

A
  • Moral Development: moral judgement reflects internalization of societal norms
  • Presented students with fictitious stories illustrating moral dilemmas to see how they could reason in specific circumstances.
  • -> studied only males
27
Q

What was Carol Gilligan’s view on socialization?

A

Gender and Moral Development: compared development of moral reasoning among genders

  • males rely on “justice” perspective, right/wrong
  • females rely on a “care and responsibility” perspective. personal relationships
28
Q

What are agents of socialization?

A

individuals/groups who transmit culture (ex. parents, teachers)

29
Q

What is a sanction?

A

a punishment or reward designed to encourage behaviors conforming to norms and to punish those who violate them

30
Q

What is early socialization? Who are agents of early socialization?

A

socialization that takes place during infancy and early childhood

  • agents: parents/caregivers
  • -> Gracey: examined Kindergarten classroom and found classroom/activities were designed to make students obedient
31
Q

Gender socialization by peers

A
  • -> Messner: surveyed former athletes who said they played sports because it made them feel masculine
  • boys: interact in larger groups, engage in more physical activities, and speak more in direct commands
  • girls: less public, interact in smaller groups, have more exclusive friendships, and avoid direct commands
32
Q

What is adolescent socialization? Who are the agents of socialization for adolescents?

A
  • extensive socialization in preparation for adult roles

- agents: mass media, peers, education

33
Q

Robert Granfield

A
  • anticipatory socialization
  • studied law students at Harvard–> found students of color/working class backgrounds experienced feeling different in elite law school environment and additional pressure of being cultural outsiders
  • students concealed class origins
34
Q

What is adult socialization? Who are the agents of socialization for adults?

A
  • adults learning new behaviors expected of them in new occupations, institutions, or life stages (ex. entering college/workforce)
  • agents: peers/work
35
Q

What is a total institution?

A

formal organizations providing an all-encompassing environment, controlling all aspects of daily life

36
Q

What are coercive organizations?

A

organizations using force to control lower level members of the organization

37
Q

What is socialization for unexpected life-stage transitions?

A
  1. socialization for dying
  2. critical incidents/rites of passage
  3. socialization to fail
38
Q

What is edutainment?

A

activities that merge entertainment with educational experiences

39
Q

“I” perspective

A

the individual’s own wants and desires

40
Q

“Me” perspective

A

the image we believe others have of us

41
Q

Charles Cooley

A
  • Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
  • Argued that children develop a sense of self through three steps
    1. Imagine they imagine how other people see them
    2. They intercept the reactions of others to them
    3. They develop a feeling about themselves
42
Q

Erik Erickson

A
  • Development Over the Life Course
  • Identified eight stages of development over the life cycle: the first five are based on Freud’s stages. She argues that children develop trust during the oral stage, autonomy during the anal stage, initiative during the phallic stage, industry during the latency stage, and identity during adolescence. (Stages: Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood)

Sociology 1000 (11 decks)

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