Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 1000 > Powerpoint #6 - Social Organization > Flashcards

Powerpoint #6 - Social Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What is a social organization?

A

ordered set of relationships among several actors having shared meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the levels of social organization?

A

groups –> networks –> formal organizations

least in common ——-> most in common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are group dynamics?

A

social processes/structures that develop in groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is group conformity?

A

doing something that you later realize you wouldn’t have done outside of a group, may regret it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is groupthink?

A

occurs when individual group members oppose the decision of a group but are afraid to speak out against it (dissensus may be viewed as disloyalty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is status generalization?

A

members of group holding status higher in group hold high standing outside of group as well (ex. male doctor being jury foreman)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are conjunctive tasks?

A

tasks where performance of group can only be as good as the performance of the weakest link

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are disjunctive tasks?

A

tasks where if one individual can solve them then the entire group is likely to solve them as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is stronger, a dyad or a triad?

A

triads are more unstable because two people may “gang up” on the other one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are altruistic actions?

A

at that benefits someone at no benefit and even some risk to individual taking action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the diffusion of responsibility?

A

tendency for members to think that someone else would help and don’t take action themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the types of groups?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Reference
  4. In-group
  5. Out-group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Primary Group?

A

a group in which people have intimate face-to-face relationships that endure for some time (ex. families/close friends)

  • generally small, close-knit
  • interested in each other
  • profound impact, lifetime friendships
  • -> Mitch Duneier: looked at group of men who knew each other for long time/hang around/eat together = primary group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Secondary Group?

A

large/impersonal, members don’t know each other intimately, weak ties, less profound impact on each other (ex. classes, PTA)
-usually task focused, formed for specific purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Reference Group?

A

any group a person considers when evaluating his actions/characteristics (ex. peers, family, religious group)

  • many over time
  • some you don’t belong to but wish to in the future
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an In-Group?

A

“us,” group that members are involved in and with which they identify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an Out-Group?

A

a group in which people feel they don’t belong to

–>rejected/treated in hostile manner by the In-Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a social network?

A

series of social relationships linking individuals directly to other individuals and indirectly to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a domestic network?

A

localized, kin-based cooperative coalitions of people based on strong ties

  • face-to-face
  • ->Carol Stack study: black families in Chicago in poverty who experienced an unexpected cash windfall shared their inheritance with those around them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the functional view on networks?

A

networks provide social support, job opportunities, etc

21
Q

What is a formal organization?

A

a form of social organization purposefully instructed to meet it’s goals with maximum efficiency, often consisting of many individuals linked by collective goals, roles, rules for behavior, and relationships of authority
–> ex. business life, government, non-profits, Microsoft

22
Q

What are the types of formal organization?

A
  1. Coercive Organization - force (ex. total institution: regulate every aspect of someone’s life, prison)
  2. Utilitarian Organization - money (ex. job, corporations)
  3. Normative Organization - norms/values (voluntary associations)
23
Q

What is a voluntary association?

A

established to accomplish common interest, members volunteer and may even pay to participate (ex. interest groups, boy scouts, clubs, AARP)

24
Q

What is rationalization?

A

pervasive process characterizing modern society in which traditional methods and standards of social organization are based on tradition, belief, even magic, are replaced with new methods/standards of social organization based on objectively scientific criteria

25
Q

What is a bureaucracy?

A

a formal organization that attempts to maximize efficiency/productivity through the rationalization of work

26
Q

What are the key characteristics of a bureaucracy?

A
  1. Divison of Labor
  2. Hierarchical Line of Authority
  3. Compensatory Reward
  4. Impersonality
  5. Written Rules and Regulations
27
Q

What is division of labor?

A

rationalizing work to make it more efficient by breaking complex tasks into simpler components and assigning different workers to perform each component
-no single member does everything

28
Q

What is trained incapacity?

A

unwilling to take bold decisions to handle problems in new ways and revert back to old ways over new methods

29
Q

What is local rationality?

A

act in manner rational to individual, but inefficient for organization as a whole

30
Q

What is the hierarchical line of authority?

A

indicates who is responsible for each action and who responds to who

  • pos: clarifies who is responsible for different decisions
  • neg: may make people hide from making decisions, “decision avoidance”
31
Q

What is compensatory reward?

A

when employees are hired, promoted, and compensated based on performance

  • helps with objectivity/fairness
  • not always proportional
32
Q

What is the Peter Principal?

A

talented people are often promoted until they reach a level where they are incompetent, no longer promoted because they do not excel at their work, stuck

33
Q

What is impersonality?

A

bureaucratical norm dictating that officials carry out their duties without consideration for people as individuals

  • reduces bias
  • may lead to alienation
34
Q

What are written rules and regulations?

A

they specify the rights and duties with each position/status in the organization and procedures required for each task

  • helps assure equal/fair treatment, know what’s expected
  • when extended too far–> dysfunctional
35
Q

What is goal displacement?

A

overzealous conformity to official regulations where their rigid application becomes dysfunctional for organizations

36
Q

What is Parkinson’s Law?

A

work expands to fill time elotted

37
Q

What is an informal organization?

A

flexible, implicit norms governing an organization/group - what people actually do rather than what they are supposed to do

38
Q

What is a collectivity?

A

set of people with something in common, but who interact only minimally (ex. left-handed people)

39
Q

What is a group?

A

set of people who interact in patterned ways over long period of time, shared interests, usually co-present (ex. sociology study group)

40
Q

What is a network?

A

a set of people with common links (ex. people you would call when searching for a job)

41
Q

What is an institution?

A

a set of people with enduring sets of social relationships designed to achieve fundamental social goals (ex. healthcare system)

42
Q

What is a society?

A

a population living in the same geographic area whose members share a common culture (ex. U.S.)

43
Q

What is the conflict view on networks?

A

argue rich and powerful people are often particularly effective at using social networks to maintain their advantage over people

44
Q

What are the three types of communication networks?

A
  1. Chain- only in direct contact with those next to them
  2. Star- all communication is funneled through one person
  3. Com Con- all channels open
45
Q

What is doublespeak?

A

the tendency of bureaucracies to describe/interpret events in a way designed to mislead the hearer and downplay any negative aspects of the organization

46
Q

What is a self-managed work group?

A

a group of workers who make their own decisions about important management issues affecting their work

47
Q

What are quality control circles?

A

small work groups who meet regularly to assess group performance and identify ways to improve quality

48
Q

Thomas Theorem

A

-“situations we define as real are real in their consequences”
(People act as though what they believe is true and it has real consequences for them whether it is objectively true or not)

49
Q

What is expressional leadership?

A

a leader concerned most with the emotional and relational harmony of the group

Sociology 1000 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions