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Year 2 Resp Exam 2 > Bronchodilators, Martin DSA > Flashcards

Bronchodilators, Martin DSA Flashcards

1
Q

short acting beta 2 agonists

A

albuterol,! levalbuterol!

pirbuterol

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2
Q

long acting beta 2 agonists

A

formoterol!
salmeterol!
indacaterol
arformoterol

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3
Q

What is mechanism of action for beta agonists

A

increase cAMP so decrease intracell Ca, Sm mm relazation and inhibition of mediator release from mast cells

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4
Q

what is salmeterol used for

A

prevention nighttime asthma attacks and prophylactic bronchodilaiton

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5
Q

What is best combination to control escalating asthma

A

long term beta agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid

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6
Q

side effects of oral beta agonists

A

skel muscle tremor, muscle cramps, tachyarrhythmias, metabolic disturbances

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7
Q

What are the anticholinergic bronchodilators

A

ipratropium bromide
triotropium
quaternary amines

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8
Q

what are ipratropium and tiotropium used to Tx

A

COPD

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9
Q

describe difference in dosing of ipratropium and tiotropium

A

iprotropium bronchodilation may last up to 6 hours

tiotropium dosed once per day

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10
Q

What combination with ipratropium is used for severe asthma exacerbations exist

A

albuterol and ipratropium bromide

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11
Q

What asthma drug is used intranasaly to decrease secretions

A

ipratropium

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12
Q

What are Tx benefits of theophylline

A

bronchodilation
but also stimulates CNS, cardiac, modest peripheral vasodilation and improved skel m contractility
thiazide like diuresis

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13
Q

what must you monitor if administer theophylline

A

plasam drug levels

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14
Q

when theophylline blood levels reach 15 mcg/mL what side effects may occurq

A

vomiting, abdominal discomfort, headache and anxiety

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15
Q

What is Roflumilast and what is it used for

A

PDE4 inhibitor approbed for COPD exacerbations

increased cAMP

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16
Q

What are sideeffects of roflumilast

A

nausea and diarrhea

psych symptoms and weight loss

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17
Q

What corticosteroids have been approved for asthma

A 
beclomethasone dipropionate
budesonide dipropionate
cyclesonide
fluticason
flunisolide
mometasone furoate
18
Q

What oral corticosteroids are used for asthma

A

prednisome, methylprenisolone, prenisolone

19
Q

What corticosteroids have been approved for seasonal and allergic rhinitis

A

budesonide sipropionate
fluticasone propionate
mometasone furoate

20
Q

what is mech of action of corticosteroids

A

bind intracell cortisol R that negatviely regulate gene trancription
inhibit release of cytokinda, vasoactive and chemoattractive factors, enzymes and dec mobilizaiton of leikocytes
anti-inflammatory

21
Q

What is a concern with corticosteroids in children

A

growth retardation

22
Q

what are the adverse effects with long term daily use oral corticosteroids

A

glucose intolerance, weight gain, inc BP, osteoporosis, cataracts, immunosuppression, mood disorder

23
Q

What is cromolyn sodium used for

A

inhibits release of histamine and other autocoids from mast cells and indirectly inhibits Ag-induced bronchospasm

24
Q

What is Therapeutic use of cromolyn sodium

A

prophylactic asthma attacks, not ongoing bronchospasm

25
Q

What are the anti-leukotriene drugs

A

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

26
Q

What anti leukotriene blocks synthesis? block R?

A

zileuton blocks synthesis

montelukast and zafirlukast block LTD4 Receptor

27
Q

What is omalizumab

A

monoclonal Ab against IgE

have serious life threatening HS reaction to drug

28
Q

What is Tx for allergic thinitis

A

topical corticosteroids and aqueous nasal spray or cromolyn sodium

29
Q

What is a problem with alpha adrenergic agonists used for nasal decongestants

A

rebound congestion

30
Q

What are the sympathomimetic agents for nasal decongestant

A

phenyleprhine and pseudoephedrine

31
Q

monothterapy with inhaled corticosteroids is not approved for what

A

COPD

32
Q

What is the new type therapy for cOPD

A

triple. corticosteroid, beta agonist and tiotropium

33
Q

What are major indications for anttitussives

A

acutre control of nonproductive cough

34
Q

What are the antitissuive drugs

A

opoids: codeine and dextromethorphan- less side effects

non-opoids: benzonatate, diphenhydramine

35
Q

how do opoids prevent coughing

A

act on CNS and suppress cough reflex

36
Q

what are advserse effects of opoid antitussives

A

CNS- euphoria, depression of respiratory and vasomotor
GI- constipation, nausea, vomiting
GU- urinary hestancy or retention
Drug-Drug: additive CNS depression with sedative hy[notics, phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants

37
Q

what is mech of non-opoid antitussives

A

act directly on nerve endings in pharynx

38
Q

What is indications for non-popooid antitussives

A

control of minor transient cough

39
Q

how do mucolytics work

A

facilitate depolymeriztation of mucopolysaccharides in dried airway secretions

40
Q

what are the expectorant drugs

A

guafenesin and potassium iodied and iodinated glycerol

41
Q

What is use of recombinant DNAse

A

nebulizer solution for Tx CF

maybe in COPD excacerbations

Year 2 Resp Exam 2 (33 decks)

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