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Psychology > Sensation And Perception Unit > Flashcards

Sensation And Perception Unit Flashcards

0
Q

Difference threshold

A

How much of a change of a stimulus before you know it’s different
-shirt blue or green?

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1
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimum amount of stimulus we can detect 50% of the time

Hearing tick of watch 20 feet away

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2
Q

Webers law

A

The stronger the stimulus is the greater the change has to be in that stimulus to notice a difference
-change in loudness of music

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3
Q

Subliminal perception or messages

A

Stimulus is below absolute threshold

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4
Q

James Vicory

A

Drink Coke eat popcorn experiment, came forward and said he lied, it gives us an excuse and we like conspiracy theories, no experimental evidence,we want to reasons for why bad things happen

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5
Q

Top down processing

A

Your experiences, expectations, thinking brain

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6
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Ross sensory information, don’t know what’s going on, eyes closed thank you feel a spider

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7
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Challenges idea of a threshold because our ability to detect a stimulus relies on several variables(STIMULUS variables-nature of stimulus like extra stuff added in FL at factory; Environmental variables-burn cinn. candles while eating FL; OPerator variables-chewing gum b4 FL) weathermen, doctors, airport security

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8
Q

Selective attention

A

A conscious decision to attend to one stimulus and not another

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9
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

When you get used to a stimulus and you don’t notice it anymore. Everyone’s house has a smell

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10
Q

smell

A

Based on old factory cells, do not regenerate undamaged, taste and smell interact to produce flavor

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11
Q

Taste

A

For basic tastes are sweet salty bitter sour and umami(savory). Taste cells regenerate and damaged, extremes of taste are super tasters who have 30 taste buds per centimeter squared and non-tasters who have five taste buds per cm squared

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12
Q

Touch

A

Basic skin senses are pain pressure warmth and cold, itch is a slight pain, what is cold and pressure

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13
Q

Body senses

A

Kinesthetic sense: the position and movement of individual body parts (dead hand experiment)
Vestibular sense: the body’s orientation and balance

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14
Q

The blind spot

A

Where the retina is interrupted by the optic nerve

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15
Q

Retina

A

Located at the back of the eye, contains rods and cones

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16
Q

Rods

A

Detect black, white and gray; need less light; clustered more toward edges parentheses detect motion

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17
Q

Cones

A

Detect color and sharp detail; need more light; clustered more towards Center. Don’t really see color in peripheral

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18
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

All colors are made from a combination of three basic colors: red, green, blue. Mixing light not paint. Color blindness is seen a limited number of colors due to a lack of green or red cones

19
Q

Perceptual set

A

A mental predisposition to perceive something one way and not another

20
Q

Sources of perceptual set

A

Expectations (profile/straight on, mountains/praying)
Experience (how things in past affect expectations; abc, 10,11, 12, 13)
Motivations: expectations of what you want to see. (Proofreading)
Environment: (chalk drawings)
Culture: sports illustrated

21
Q

Gestalt

A
  • German word meaning form or whole

- refers to how we tend to perceive the whole rather than just parts

22
Q

5 gestalt theories

A

Figure ground:separating the subject/figure from the back/ground
Similarity:grouping items that look like each other
Proximity:grouping items because they’re close to each other
Closure: tendency to fill in gaps to make things hole
Continuity: assuming that an object will continue to move in the same direction; missing road turn

23
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Our ability to ignore information about the world around us because of experience. Three kinds of constancy

24
Q

Size constancy

A

Understanding that an object of known size does not actually change size as it gets closer or farther away. It remains constant

25
Q

Shape constancy

A

Understanding that an object of a known shape does not actually change its shape as it’s angle changes. It’s shape remains constant

26
Q

Lightness constancy

A

Understanding that the lightness or color of an object does not change as the light in that environment changes. The lightness remains constant

27
Q

When do we learn to perceive depth?

A

The visual cliff experiment: suggests we may be born with perception

28
Q

How do we perceive depth?

A

We get cues from either both eyes with binocular depth cues or one eye with monocular depth cues

29
Q

Two binocular depth cues

A

Retinal disparity: each I provide slightly different information
Convergence: the muscles of our eye contract in order to see you something close up. The contraction of the muscle is noticed

30
Q

Monocular depth cues list 7

A

Texture gradient, linear perspective, relative size, relative motion, relative height, relative clarity, interposition

31
Q

Texture gradient

A

When you’re looking at an object, it loses details as it gets farther away

32
Q

Linear perspective

A

The perception of parallel lines to be converging as they move into the distance

33
Q

Relative size

A

Allows you to know how close objects are to an object of known size. Moon and the trees

34
Q

Relative motion

A

Objects that are closer appear to move faster well objects that are further away appear to move slowly. Looking out of car while driving

35
Q

Relative height

A

Objects that are higher in the field of vision are more distant

36
Q

Relative clarity

A

Light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere therefore they are perceived as hazy and further away

37
Q

Interposition

A

A monocular Q that occurs when one object overlaps another which makes the overlapped object look further away

38
Q

ESP

A

Extra Sensory perception

39
Q

Telepathy

A

Reading another thoughts

40
Q

Clairvoyance

A

Knowing something happened without being there. Sister has pain in hips and then find out her sister was in a car crash

41
Q

Telekinesis

A

Moving objects with thoughts/mind like in Matilda

42
Q

Precognition

A

Knowing something before it happens like in the newspaper example

43
Q

Medium

A

Person who can speak to the dead

44
Q

Anecdotal evidence

A

Stories

45
Q

Experimental/ lab evidence

A

Controlled environment; there’s never been a case where people can re-create ESP in the lab

46
Q

Illusion of changing size

A

The Ames Room

Psychology (4 decks)

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