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Biomed > Block 3_Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Block 3_Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and a ________ gate.

A

inactivation

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2
Q

The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the

A

synapse

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3
Q

The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on

A

a. the frequency of neurotransmitter release.
b. the nature of the neurotransmitter.
c. the characteristics of the receptors.
d. the quantity of neurotransmitters released.

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4
Q

The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

A

somatic

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5
Q

Type ________ fibers have the largest diameter axons.

A

A

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6
Q

Voltage-gated channels are present

A

in the membrane that covers axons

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7
Q

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following,

A
  • responding to neural tissue damage
  • guiding neuron development
  • forming a 3D framework for the CNS
  • maintaining the blood-brain barrier
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8
Q

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

A

unipolar

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9
Q

Which of the following are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

A

satellite cells

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10
Q

________ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS.

A

sensory

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11
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

A

forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth

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12
Q

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

A

Schwann Cells

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13
Q

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

A

afferent

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14
Q

Ion channels that are always open are called ________ channels.

A

leak

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15
Q

________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons.

A

axonic

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16
Q

The site in the neuron where the EPSPs and the IPSPs are integrated is the:

A

axon hillock

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17
Q

At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its Na-K ion exchange pump transports

A

3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions.

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18
Q

Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?

A

chemical

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19
Q

Which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow?

A

hyperpolarization

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20
Q

The function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following?

A
  • adjusting the composition of the interstitial fluid
  • guiding neuron development
  • maintaining the BBB
  • repairing damaged neural tissue
21
Q

If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,

A

synaptic transmission would fail

22
Q

The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

A

Calcium

23
Q

________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

A

chemically gated channels

24
Q

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A
  • skeletal muscle cells
  • smooth muscle cells
  • heart muscle cells
  • glandular cells
25
Q

________ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal.

A

ependymal cells

26
Q

Which of the following types of nerve fiber possesses the fastest speed of impulse propagation?

A

Type A

27
Q

Branches that may occur along an axon are called

A

collaterals

28
Q

The axon is connected to the soma at the

A

axon hillock

29
Q

Sensory information from skeletal muscle travels over _____ fibers.

A

Type A

30
Q

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

A

Depolarization and increased positive charge inside the membrane

31
Q

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when

A

Extra sodium ions enter a cell

32
Q

Which of the following interactions between electrical and chemical gradients does not lead to the establishment of a neuron’s resting potential?

A

Electrical forces push sodium ions out of the cell

33
Q

The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the ________.

A

neurotransmitter; receptorr

34
Q

In the process of continuous action potential propagation,

A
  • the action potential is triggered by graded depolarization of the initial segment
  • at threshold, sodium channels begin to open rapidly
  • local currents depolarize the region just adjacent to the active zone
35
Q

Which area of the graph occurs when there is a sudden in rush of sodium ions?

A

during depolarization, and the inactivation Na+ gates and the activation gates are both open

36
Q

Neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic

A

vesicles

37
Q

When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs?

A

temporal summation

38
Q

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

A

are local hyperpolarizations

39
Q

After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic knob

A

reabsorbs the choline

40
Q

Which of the following does influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be transmitted?

A
  • presence or absence of a myelin sheath
  • presence or absence of nodes
  • length of axon
  • diameter of the axon
41
Q

Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma is called ________ degeneration.

A

Wallerian

42
Q

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

A

NE

43
Q

Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as

A

telodendria

44
Q

When is the neuron in the refractory period?

A

Right after the absolute refractory period. About 2/3 of the way during repolarization

45
Q

The all-or-none principle states that

A

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials

46
Q

Which of the following are properties of cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  • Surrounds the brain and spinal cord
  • fills the brain ventricles
  • transports nutrients
  • circulates continuously
47
Q

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways?

A
  • through voltage-gated channels as in the action potential
  • through passive or leak channels
  • by ATP-dependant ion pumps like the sodium-potassium pump exchange pump
  • through chemically-gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission
48
Q

Which of the following is the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain?

A

glutamate

Biomed (8 decks)

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