Muscle Reflexes

Question 1

_____ sense the rate and degree of stretch in a muscle

Answer 1

muscle spindles

Question 2

____ sense the tension in a tendon

Answer 2

golgi tendon organs

Question 3

___ sense tension within joint capsules and ligaments

Answer 3

joint receptors

Question 4

_____ (type II fiber) surround ends of intrafusal fibers; sense degree of stretch

Answer 4

secondary sensory endings

Question 5

___ (type Ia fiber) surround middle of intrafusal fibers; sense rate and degree of stretch

Answer 5

primary sensory endings

Question 6

____ (motor fiber to intrafusal fibers) maintain spindle sensitivity

Answer 6

y Efferent

Question 7

___ (motor fiber to extrafusal muscle fibers)

Answer 7

alpha Efferent

Question 8

_____ are effector muscle fibers

Answer 8

extrafusal muscle fiber

Question 9

___ are within muscle spindles; ends are contractile, middle is non-contractile, and surrounded by sensory receptors

Answer 9

intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 10

_____ muscle spindles: 1st order sensory neurons synapses directly on LMN

Answer 10

monosynaptic

Question 11

____ muscle spindles: 1st order sensory neurons synapse on interneurons than then synapse on the LMN

Answer 11

polysynaptic

Question 12

_____: when a muscle is stretched, the response is to contract the muscle to maintain muscle length and tone; important in postural muscles to maintain posture

Answer 12

stretch reflex

Question 13

____ golgi tendon organ: 1st order sensory neuron synapses on interneurons that then synapses on the LMN

Answer 13

polysynaptic

Question 14

Golgi tendon organs help to prevent the tearing of muscles and tendons when ___

Answer 14

they are subject to a potentially damaging stretching force during muscle contraction

Question 15

The _____ reflex is initiated by a painful stimulus; it causes a withdrawal of the body part from the stimulus by contracting ____

Answer 15

flexor/withdrawal; flexors

Question 16

In the flexor/withdrawal reflex, there is also reciprocal inhibition of ____

Answer 16

extensors

Question 17

What is the crossed-extensor reflex?

Answer 17

the extensors in the contralateral limb are contracted and flexors are inhibited so that you don’t fall over when standing

Question 18

What are the three parts of the withdrawal reflex?

Answer 18

1-withdrawal by contracting flexors
2-reciprocal inhibition of extensors in that limb
3-activation of extensors and inhibition of flexors in contralateral limb

Question 19

The integration center in the spinal cord is for _____ while the integration center in the brainstem is for ____

Answer 19

parasympathetic and sympathetic; parasympathetic

Question 20

In the visceral reflex of coughing, the autonomic activation results in ____ while the somatic activation results in ____

Answer 20

constriction of bronchi; contraction of somatic muscles

Question 21

With coughing, the ____ pathway overrides the reflex pathway

Answer 21

voluntary

Question 22

There are 2 cardio centers within the reticular formation: parasympathetic is inhibitory to ____ HR and sympathetic is acceloratory to ____ HR

Answer 22

decrease; increase

Question 23

Parasympathetic reflex in the enteric nervous system results in ____

Answer 23

increased contraction and secretory activity

Question 24

Sympathetic reflex in the enteric nervous system results in ____

Answer 24

decreased contraction and secretory activity

Question 25

In maintaining balance, input: information about the body’s position in space comes from three sources (____, ____, and ___) and goes to two major processing areas in the brain (____ and ____)

Answer 25

vestibular, visual, and somatic receptors; cerebellum and brainstem

Question 26

In maintaining balance, output: fast reflexive control of the muscles serving the eyes, neck, and trunk are provided by the outputs from the CNS; output is dictated by __ and ____ control

Answer 26

oculomotor and special motor control