Bipolar Related Disorders (5)

Question 1

What is the DSM-5 definition for mania?

Answer 1

Distant, abnormal, elevated, expansive (or irritable) mood for 7 days

At least 3 symptoms must be present for 7 days:

• increased self esteem
• decreased sleep
• increased speech
• racing thoughts
• distractability
• increased activity
• increased dangerous impulsivity

Question 2

What does DTRHIGH stand for?

Answer 2

Distractable
Talkative
Racing thoughts
Hyperactive
Impulsive
Grandiose
Hypersomnic

Question 3

What is hypomania?

Answer 3

Milder mania of at least 4 days (same symptoms of mania)

Question 4

How is a major depressive episode (MDE) defined?

Answer 4

Pervasive sad, down, or irritable mood > 2 weeks with 4 other symtoms

Question 5

What is a mixed episode?

Answer 5

Meets criteria for both manic episode and a MDE

Question 6

Define bipolar 1:

Answer 6

Manic or mixed episode with or without MDE

Question 7

Define Bipolar 2:

Answer 7

Hypomanic with or without MDE

Question 8

Define cyclothymia:

Answer 8

Stuck in hypomania for >2 years

Can occur with minor depressions

Question 9

T/F: a bipolar individual can become psychotic (delusions, hallucinations, though disorder)

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: bipolar individuals spend more time in the manic phase than the depressed phase

Answer 10

False….they spend more time depressed

Question 11

What are the etiologic factors associated with bipolar disorder?

Answer 11

Increased transmitter and decreased receptor (genetic cause?)

Kindling Hypothesis= too much neuronal firing in the limbic system

Question 12

Can psychological factors lead to bipolar disorder?

Answer 12

Yes…low self esteem, negative outlook, learned helplessness, demeaning parents, stress`

Question 13

What medications should NOT be used to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer 13

Antidepressantes…because they increase NTs which can increase mania and instability

If you are going to use an antidepressant, you must also use a mood stabilizer

Question 14

What drugs are used to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer 14

Antipsychotics–> typical and atypical (the DA2 action decreases and prevents mania and the 5HT2 action treats depression)

Antimanic agents–> lithium, divalproex, carbamazepine

Question 15

What are the actions of lithium, divalproex, and carbamazepine?

Answer 15

Lithium: increases Ca

Divalproex: increases GABA activity

Carbamazepine: blocks Na+ channels

Question 16

Does psychotherapy work to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer 16

Only the depressed phase