Ch 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

civil rights

Answer 1

the government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 2

13th amendment

Answer 2

banned slavery in the US

Question 3

black codes

Answer 3

laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves: southern states after the civil war

Question 4

14th amendment

Answer 4

guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all US citizens

Question 5

equal protection clause

Answer 5

14th amendment, guarantees all citizens equal protection

Question 6

15th amendment

Answer 6

newly freed male slaves can vote

Question 7

jim crow laws

Answer 7

laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public buildings

Question 8

civil rights cases (1883)

Answer 8

five supreme court cases brought under the civil rights act of 1875; discrimination in a variety of public accommodations could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private, not state, discrimination

Question 9

poll tax

Answer 9

tax levied in many southern states that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

Question 10

gandfather clause

Answer 10

southern states; if your grandfather could not vote you cant either unless you could pass a wealth or literacy test

Question 11

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 11

separate but equal accommodations did no violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Question 12

suffrage movement

Answer 12

the drive for voting rights for women in the US between 1890 and 1920

Question 13

19th amendment

Answer 13

gave women the right to vote

Question 14

Brown v. Board of Ed (1954)

Answer 14

overturns ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson; segregation in schools is unconstitutional because it violates the equal protection clause in the 14th amendment

Question 15

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 15

outlawed segregation in public buildings, and discrimination in employment, education, and voting

Question 16

de jure segregation

Answer 16

racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy

Question 17

de facto segregation

Answer 17

racial discrimination that results from practice rather than the law

Question 18

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 18

proposed amendment that states “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on the account of sex

Question 19

suspect classification

Answer 19

category or class that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court

Question 20

strict scrutiny

Answer 20

a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice

Question 21

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Answer 21

men and women deserve equal pay for equal work

Question 22

title IX

Answer 22

bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students

Question 23

affirmative action

Answer 23

policies to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group