Chapter 23: Respiratory System

Question 1

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood and cells of the body.

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

The upper respiratory system consists of(4):

Answer 2

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.

Question 3

The lower respiratory system consists of(5) :

Answer 3

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiloes, and alveoli

Question 4

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis are part of the _______.

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

_______ cartilage:

The largest laryngeal cartilage.
Made of hyaline cartilage.
Forms most of the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx.

Answer 5

Thyroid cartilage

Question 6

______ cartilage:

Provides support in the absence of thyroid cartilage and helps thyroid cartilage protect the glottis and the entrance to the trachea.

Answer 6

Cricoid cartilage

Question 7

During swallowing, the _________ prevents liquids and solid foods from entering respiratory tract.
Superior to the glottis and forms a lid over it.

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Question 8

The carina is an internal ridge that separates the two ______.

Answer 8

bronchi

Question 9

A single pleural cavity that surrounds each lung.

Answer 9

Pleura

Question 10

The ________ pleura covers the inner surface of the thoracic walls and extends over the diaphragm and mediastinum.

Answer 10

Parietal pleura

Question 11

The visceral ______ covers the outer surfaces of the lungs, extending into the fissures between the lobes.

Answer 11

Visceral pleura

Question 12

_________ is produced by pneumocytes type II.

An oily secretion containing phospholipids and proteins.

Answer 12

Surfactant

Question 13

Pulmonary ventilation is the ________ movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract.

Answer 13

physical

Question 14

________ ventilation is movement of gases between the air in the lung and the blood.

Answer 14

External ventilation

Question 15

In external ventilationn, oxygen diffuses from air into ______.

Answer 15

Blood

Question 16

In external ventilation, Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into ______.

Answer 16

Air

Question 17

Boyle’s Law

Decreasing volume of gas causes pressure to ____ and increasing volume of gas causes pressure to ____.

Answer 17

rise, fall

Question 18

As the the diaphragm increases its volume air is _____ into the _____.

Answer 18

drawn, lungs

Question 19

Contraction of the external __________ muscles assists in inhalation by raising the ribs.

Answer 19

Intercostal muscles

Question 20

Contraction of the ________ muscles can assist the external intercostal muscles in elevating the ribs.
They increase the speed and amount of rib movement.

Answer 20

Accessory muscles

Question 21

Exhalation is _____ at rest.

Answer 21

Passive

Question 22

The pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture of gases.

Answer 22

Partial pressure

Question 23

The amount of a particular gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas is _______ Law.

Answer 23

Henry’s Law

Question 24

Difference in partial pressures, surface area for exchange, diffusional distance, and molecular weight all can change rate of movement in external __________.

Answer 24

ventilation

Question 25

______ is not very soluable in water/plasma.

Answer 25

Oxygen

Question 26

________ increases oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

Answer 26

Hemoglobin

Question 27

Fully saturated means all of the ______ binding sites on the ________ are filled with _________.

Answer 27

Oxygen, hemoglobin, oxygen

Question 28

Partially saturated is when _______ contains a mixture of saturated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.

Answer 28

Blood

Question 29

Hemoglobin releases ______ at low partial pressure.

Answer 29

oxygen

Question 30

How tightly the hemoglobin binds to oxygen.

Answer 30

Affinity

Question 31

As pH decreases, affinity _______.

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

In acid conditions (low pH), hemoglobin has _____ affinity and releases oxygen.

Answer 32

low

Question 33

In alkaline conditions (high pH), hemoglobin has _____ affinity and binds to oxygen

Answer 33

high

Question 34

3 forms carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.

Answer 34

Dissolved CO2 (7%), carbonaminohemoglobin (23%), and bicarbonate ion(HCO3
) (70%)

Question 35

When the diaphragm and external muscles contract, intrapleural pressure ________.

Answer 35

Decreases

Question 36

The respiratory tract passageway that leads directly into each lung.

Answer 36

Bronchus

Question 37

Area in the brain that sets the respiratory rhythm.

Answer 37

Ventral respiratory group (vrg)

Question 38

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ______ than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Answer 38

Greater

Question 39

When PO2 is high, Hb has ______ affinity for O2.

Answer 39

strong

Question 40

O2 binds to HB in pulmonary __________.

Answer 40

capillaries

Question 41

PO2 is ____ in the atmosphere and ___ in the tissues.

Answer 41

high,low

Question 42

Increased temperature, PCO2, and BPG causes a _______ in affinity of Hb for O2.

Answer 42

decrease

Question 43

Fetal Hb binds to BPG _______ than adults.

Answer 43

Weaker

Question 44

Fetal Hb with less BPG has ________ affinity than adults.

Answer 44

stronger

Question 45

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with ______. molecules.

Answer 45

water