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A&P2 > Chapter 26:Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 26:Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of urinary system:

Regulation of ______ volume and composition.
Regulation of blood __.
Regulation of ______ pressure.
Regulation of hormones.

A

blood
pH
blood

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2
Q

2 parts that compose the kidney are the renal capsule and renal ______.

A

tubule

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3
Q

Renal blood vessels.

\_\_\_\_\_ arteries
afferent entry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
glomerular \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ arteriole
peritubular capillaries
peritubular \_\_\_\_\_
renal vein.
A 
Renal
arteriole
capillaries
efferent 
venule
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4
Q

2 types of nephrons.

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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5
Q

_________ nephrons

80-85% of all nephrons.
Lies in renal cortex
Short loop of henle.

A

Cortical nephrons.

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6
Q

____________ nephrons

15-20% of nephrons.
Long loop of henle.
Used in formation of very complicated or very dilute urine.

A

Juxtamedullary

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7
Q

_________ ducts collect urine from several nephrons. Site of final modification of urine.

A

Collecting

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8
Q

_________ ducts

Convergence of many collecting ducts.
Eventually empty into minor calyx.

A

Papillary

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9
Q

High blood pressure in glomerulus is because the ________ arteriole is smaller in diameter than the ________ arteriole.

A

efferent , afferent

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10
Q

___________ hydrostatic pressure

Forces water and solutes across the glomerulus.
Is approximately 50 mmHg.

A

Glomerular (GHP)

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11
Q

________ hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

Opposes filtration, due to fluid already in renal tubule. Approximately 15mmHg.

A

Capsular

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12
Q

Blood colloid ________ pressure. (BCOP)

Opposes filtration, due to presence of proteins in blood.

A

osmotic

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13
Q

Glomerular ________ rate (GFR)

Amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys per minute.
125 ml/min, 180 L/day.

A

filtration

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14
Q

Increase in ______ pressure causes increase in GFR.

A

blood

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15
Q

Stretch of ______ arterioles due to increase of blood pressure causes vasocontriction of blood vessels.

A

afferent

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16
Q

Vasoconstriction causes reduction in ________ flow. Which causes ____ to decrease.

A

blood, GFR

17
Q

Renin- Angiotensin system occurs in response to a decrease in ______ pressure/volume

A

blood

18
Q

During the renin- angiotensin system, the decrease in stretch of arterioles causes release of _____.

A

renin

19
Q

During the renin- angiotensin system, renin acts on peptide produced in the liver to form ___________.
During the renin- angiotensin system, angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II in the ____.

A

angiotensin I

lungs

20
Q

What are the effects of angiotensin?

  1. Vasoconstriction.
  2. Release of __________.
  3. _________ thirst centers.
  4. Release of ADH.
  5. Increased cardiac ______.
A

aldsosterone
Stimulates
output

21
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by _____ due to increased blood volume or pressure.
Decreases sodium reabsorption at the renal _______.

A

atria

tubules

22
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by __________ due to increased blood volume or pressure.

A

ventricles

23
Q

5 functions of the Proximal convoluted tube (PCT)

  1. ___________ of organic molecules.
  2. Active reabsorption of ions.
  3. Reabsorption of _____.
  4. _______ reabsorption of ions.
  5. Secretion.
A

Reabsorption
water
Passive

24
Q

Countercurrent multiplication is the exchange between the thin descending limb and the thick ascending limb of the _______ loop.

A

nephrons

25
Q

Normal amount of water and solutes loss in the collecting system is regulated in what two ways?

By aldosterone, which controls ______ ion pumps along most of the DCT and the proximal portion of the collecting system.
By ADH, which controls the ____________ of the DCT and collecting system to water.

A

sodium

permeability

26
Q

The _____ is the point of entry for the renal artery and renal nerves.
It is also the point of exit for the renal vein and the ureter

A

hilum

27
Q

Order of blood flow in the nephron:

  1. ________ arteriole.
  2. Glomerulus.
  3. ________arteriole.
  4. Peritubular capillaries.
  5. Peritubular _______.
A
  1. Afferent areteriole
  2. Glomerulus
  3. Efferent arteriole
  4. Peritubular capillaries
  5. Peritubular venules
28
Q

__________ is when blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space.

A

Filtration

29
Q

The thick descending limb is similar to ___.

It pumps sodium and chloride ions out of the _______ fluid.

A

PCT

tubular

30
Q

______, but not solutes are freely permeable in both thin segments of the nephron loop.
So ______ can move out those segments, which helps to concentrate the tubular fluid.

A

Water

31
Q

The Distal convoluted tube is important for:

  1. Active _________ of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule.
  2. Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from _______ fluid.
  3. Selective ____________ of water.
A
  1. Active secretion of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule
  2. Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from tubular fluid.
  3. Selective reabsorption of water.
32
Q

____________ is the removal of water and solutes from the filtrate, and their movement across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid.

A

Reabsorption

33
Q

_________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the the tubular fluid.

A

Secretion

34
Q

Tubular secretions remove substances from the ______.

A

blood

35
Q

Filtration occurs exclusively in the renal _________.

A

corpuscle

36
Q

Buffers are dissolved compounds that stabilize the __ of a solution by providing or removing H+.

A

pH

37
Q

Buffers include weak acids that can ______ H+, and weak bases that can ______ H+.

A

donate

absorb

A&P2 (13 decks)

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