Acid-Base Behavior of Amino Acids

Question 1

What does amphoteric mean?

Answer 1

Capable of donating and accepting protons

Question 2

What does diprotic mean?

Answer 2

Possessing two dissociable protons

Question 3

What is a zwitterion?

Answer 3

Dipolar ions, with spatially separated positive and negative charges

Question 4

What is the isoelectric point?

Answer 4

The pH at which a solute has no electric charge

Question 5

What is the formula for Keq?

Answer 5

Keq={H+}{OH-}/{H2O}

Question 6

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Answer 6

pH=pKa+log{A-}/{HA}

Question 7

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describe?

Answer 7

The relationship between pH, the buffering action of a free acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-), and pKa

Question 8

What is Ka?

Answer 8

A dissociation constant - the tendency of an acid to give up a proton

Question 9

pKa=?

Answer 9

-log Ka

Question 10

A low pKa = ?

Answer 10

Strong acid - strong tendency to dissociate

Question 11

Many of the titration curves are similar between the amino acids. Which one is unlike all the rest?

Answer 11

Histidine

Question 12

The glutamate titration curve is similar to which other amino acid’s titration curve?

Answer 12

Aspartate

Question 13

What reaction forms peptide bonds?

Answer 13

Dehydration reactions

Question 14

What is another name for a peptide bond?

Answer 14

Amide bond

Question 15

On what two factors is the overall charge of a protein dependent?

Answer 15

• The number of amino acids with charged R groups

- The pH of the surroundings

Question 16

What is the buffer system in urine?

Answer 16

Phosphate buffer

Question 17

What is the buffer system in blood?

Answer 17

Bicarbonate buffer

Question 18

If the blood pH is above 7.45, which state is it in?

Answer 18

Alkalemia

Question 19

Acidemia is when the blood is below what pH?

Answer 19

7.35

Question 20

What is acidosis vs acidemia?

Answer 20

Acidosis is the process of becoming acidemic

Question 21

What is alkalosis vs alkalemia?

Answer 21

Alkalosis is the process of becoming alkalemic

Question 22

What is the normal level of PaCO2 in the blood?

Answer 22

35-45 mm Hg

Question 23

What is the normal level of PaO2 in the blood?

Answer 23

80-95 mm Hg

Question 24

What is the normal level of HCO3- in the blood?

Answer 24

22-26 mEq/L

Question 25

What is the normal level of O2 saturation in the blood?

Answer 25

95-99%

Question 26

What is the initial chemical change with respiratory acidosis? The compensatory response?

Answer 26

Increase PCO2

Increase HCO3-

Question 27

What is the initial chemical change with respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 27

Decrease PCO2

Decrease HCO3-

Question 28

What is the initial chemical change with metabolic acidosis?

Answer 28

Decrease HCO3-

Decrease PCO2

Question 29

What is the initial chemical change with metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 29

Increase HCO3

Increase PCO2

Question 30

What is hypoventilation?

Answer 30

Too little CO2 being released, causing respiratory acidosis

Question 31

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 31

Too much CO2 being released, causing respiratory alkalosis

Question 32

What are common causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 32

Emphysema

Depressed CNS respiratory center

Question 33

What are common causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 33

Hysteria/hyperventilation

High altitude

Question 34

An increase in plasma HCO3- causes what?

Answer 34

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 35

What are common causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 35

Antacid abuse

Excessive vomiting

Question 36

What occurs with an increase in plasma HCO3-?

Answer 36

Metabolic acidosis

Question 37

What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 37

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Lactic acidosis