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Pharmacology 218 > Pharmacology Exam 5 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

a condition in which vital tissues and organs are not receiving enough blood to function properly.
General term: heart is not able to pump enough around the body to provide for the body

A

Shock

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2
Q

A shock that occurs by an extreme acute allergic reaction

A

Anaphylactic

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3
Q

A shock that occurs because the heart cannot pump enough to pump the needs of the body, extreme form of heart failure, 80-100% die

A

Cardiogenic

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4
Q

A shock that occurs because of low volume, blood or fluid loss, after a trauma

A

Hypovolemic

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5
Q

A type of shock that occurs after trauma to the spine, has to do with impulses or overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system and that causes vasodilation

A

Neurogenic

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6
Q

A type of shock that occurs with some kind of organism in the blood stream, bacterial, fungal, reaction of tissues, lead to decreased blood pressure

A

Septic

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7
Q

What is the initial way to treat shock

A

Treated as a medical emergency
Rapid identification is important

  • *ABC’s
  • **Airway, breathing, circulation

Cardiac monitor
Pulse oximetry
Arterial line
Oxygen up to 15 L/min

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8
Q

The most serious challenge in most types of shock and what a lot of the drugs are used to treat

A

Hypotension

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9
Q

other than normal rhythm, abnormal rhythm of the heart

A

Dysrhythmias or arrhythmias

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10
Q

Dysrhythmias or arrhythmias if they originate in the atria

A

Supraventricular (if they originate in the ventricle its much more serious)

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11
Q

the ability of the specialized cells to respond to the electrical impulses

A

Excitability

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12
Q

conduct the electrical impulse

A

Conductivity

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13
Q

ability of the cells to make their own electrical impulse even without external nerve stimulus

A

Automaticity

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14
Q

Also known as the pacemaker of the heart, has the properties of automaticity, small area of tissue in the wall of the right atrium

A

SA (sinoatrial) node

60-100 beats/min

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15
Q

A back up for the SA node

A

AV node

40-60 beats/min

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16
Q

network that starts at the atria and goes through the ventricles

A

Purkinje network of fibers

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17
Q

Carry impulses through the heart

A

bundle branches

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18
Q

how electrical impulses affects the surrounding cells and they all contract at the same time and that happens by movements of ions across the membrane

A

Depolarization

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19
Q

when they all line up to do it again

A

Repolarization

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20
Q

This type of cell contains more potassium inside the cell and less calcium and sodium outside of the cell and this imbalance causes a negative charge

A

Polarized

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21
Q

The action potential begins when..

A

sodium ion channels allow sodium (Na+) into the cell

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22
Q

When the sodium ion channels and calcium ion channels allow Na and Ca into the cell, _____ occurs due to loss of membrane potential

A

Depolarization

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23
Q

Ensures that the myocardial cell finishes contracting before a second action potential begins

A

Refractory period

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24
Q

Essential to protect the body from blood loss

A

Clotting

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25
Q

The process of forming an insoluble clot

A

Coagulating/coagulation

26
Q

The process of stopping blood flow

A

Hemostasis

27
Q

Converts the clotting factor prothrombin to an enzyme called thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen (a plasma protein) to long strands of fibrin. The fibrin provides a framework for the clot

A

Prothrombin activator

28
Q

The process of clot removal

A

fibrinolysis

29
Q

A stationary clot that usually forms in a vessel and just gets bigger as more fibrin is added

A

Thrombus

30
Q

converts plasminogen (present in the fibrin clot) into plasmin

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

31
Q

moving clot, really anything moving that doesn’t belong there

A

embolus

32
Q

Thrombi in the venous system that usually form in the legs and make patients susceptible to sluggish blood flow

A

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

33
Q

A drug that is preventative of clots

A

anticoagulants

34
Q

A drug that breaks down a clot

A

thrombolytics

35
Q

A drug that makes someone clot

A

hemostatics

36
Q

bleeding disorders caused by genetic deficiencies in specific clotting factors

A

hemophilias

37
Q

A normal lab test not using coagulation therapy

MONITORS HEPARIN

A

activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
normal:25-35 seconds

38
Q

What are the 2 lab tests to measure coumadin

A

Monitored with: prothrombin time (PT)
normal:11-13.5 sec

International Normalized Ratio (INR):
normal: 1.3 - 2.0

39
Q

The process of blood cell formation

A

Hematopoiesis

40
Q

Causes antibody response, is triggered when there are foreign bodies

A

Antigen

41
Q

Immunioglobins

A

Antibodies

42
Q

biologic agents used to stimulate the immune system

A

Vaccines

43
Q

process of introducing foreign proteins or inactive cells

A

Immunization

44
Q

low levels of the immune response are present

A

Booster

45
Q

drawing blood to check if those immunities are present

A

Titer

46
Q

toxins that are inactivated

–Tetanus

A

Toxoids

47
Q

type of response induced by the real pathogen or a vaccine
Giving some kind of substance and we want the body to recognize it and generate memory cells
Body creates on its own

A

Active immunity

48
Q

when preformed antibodies are transferred or “donated” from one person to another
Immunity is given to us from someone else
Mother gives passive immunity to a baby
Doesn’t last very long

A

Passive immunity

49
Q

Administration difference between Dtap and Tdap

A

Dtap given to infants

Tdap given to adults

50
Q

Common side effects of vaccines

A

redness and discomfort at injection site
fever
minor aches
anaphylaxis is possible

51
Q

Administration of vaccines to infants and children

A 
Consent
Note immunization record
Select correct site 
Learn how to work with children
Instruct parents to give Tylenol for fever or local reaction
52
Q

Corticosteroids are frequently used to

A

decrease inflammation
Steroid –> reduces inflammation
Cannot suddenly stop them
Rebound inflammation, can even be fatal

53
Q

The function of inflammation is

A

to contain injury or destroy microorganisms

Natural process that helps us heal and protect us

54
Q

Chemical released by mast cells in response to an antigen that causes dilation of blood vessels, broncho-constriction, tissue swelling, and itching

A

Histamine

55
Q

Connective tissue cell located in tissue spaces that release histamine following injury

A

Mast cells

56
Q

Bacteria is classified as..

A

gram positive
gram negative
Aerobic- thrive with oxygen
Anaerobic- thrive without oxygen

57
Q

Some kind of organism that can cause disease

Virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoans

A

Pathogen

58
Q

Ability of an organism to cause an infection

A

Pathogenicity

59
Q

How virulent is can just a small amount cause you to be sick so the strength of it

A

Virulence

60
Q

How fast can it grow and overcome the bodies resources

A

Invasivness

61
Q

Slow the growth of the bacteria but don’t totally kill it

Decreasing numbers means your own bodies immune system can fight off the rest

A

Bacteriostatic

62
Q

Killing bacteria

A

Bactericidal

Pharmacology 218 (13 decks)

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