Critical Concepts and Techniques by Theoretical Approach

Question 1

What are the three phases in in Psychotherapy?

Answer 1

1. Establishing of connection, Building Core Relationships, Expression of Empathy
2. Interpretation of the Behaviour, Identification of Themes, Analysis of the Problem, Tracking of Sources
3. Interventions for Re-enactment, Catalyst for Change at All Levels, Neurological Integration of Trauma, Personal/Relational Transformation

Question 2

Each School of therapy applies to all phases, but it can be said that different schools of therapies contribute actively to each phase. What are they?

Answer 2

Phase 1: Person Centered, Humanistic/Existential, Constructivist
Phase 2: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioural, Rational-Emotive, Adlerian, Analytical, Psychoanalytic, Existential, Meaning Based, Behavioural
Phase 3: Gestalt, “Power Therapies” (EMDR, OEI, EFT), Body Therapies, Spiritual Conversion, Awakening, Tranformation/Maturation

Question 3

You can also categorize psychotherapies according to dimensions or levels of humanity they address:

Answer 3

1. Observable Behaviour: Behavioural and Cog-Behavioural
2. Cognitive: Rational-Emotive, Cognitive and Cog Beh, Psychoanalytic and Analytic, Adlerian
3. Affective: Gestalt, Power Therapies (EMDR, OEI, EFT), Person Centered, Hypnotherapy
4. Spiritual: Humanistic-Existential, Meaning Based Therapies, Spiritual Conversion, Healing and Maturation.

Question 4

Define Person Centered Therapy

Answer 4

Warmth, Genuineness, Unconditional Positive Regard, Affirmation, Constructivism, Active Listening, Reflecting, Clarifying, Empathizing, Validating, and not implying intent.

Question 5

Define Existential Therapy

Answer 5

Shattered Assumptions (Trust in God, Significant Others, and Own Judgement), Meaning in Life, Religious Conversion and Maturation, Epiphanies of Insight

Question 6

Define Rational Emotive Therapy

Answer 6

Triple Column Technique, Challenging Cognitive Distortions (broader, more enduring beliefs/perceptions), Activating Events (A), Beliefs Underlying Self Talk (B) Consequent Emotions (C)

Question 7

Define Behavioural Therapy

Answer 7

1. Children:
   - Reinforcers (Negative, Positive, Punishments, Time out from reinforcement)
   - Differential Reinforcement for Successive Approximations, Shaping, Chaining
2. Adults:
   - Analysis of Discriminative Stimuli and Anticipatory Anxiety Patterns
   - Reinforcement Histories and current life/relationship reinforcers.
   - Modeling and Role Playing with Videotape Analysis and Feedback
   - Approach Avoidance Conflicts
3. Couples
   - Fear of Intimacy/Trust Issues, Triggers and Cycles, Behaviour logs and Checklists, Genograms with Reinf. Histories, Differential Reinf of successive approximation.

Question 8

Define Cognitive and Cognitive Beh Psychotherapy

Answer 8

Systematic Desensitization and Cognitive Activation, Thought stopping and switching, CHEAP, BFV Analysis, Analysis of Self talk, tracking of cognitive distortions, Cognitive reframing (new angle or approach, broader perspective/interpretation)

Question 9

Define Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy

Answer 9

Transference / Projection and Countertransference / Projection / repression / Defenses, Transactional Analysis as a cognitive map of intra-psychic and interpersonal processes

Question 10

Define Jungian / Analytical Psychotherapy

Define Adlerian Psychotherapy

Answer 10

The Shadow (SIN Nature, MBTI Dimensions and Dream and Hypnotic Image Analysis

Birth Order, Early Recollections and lifestyle investigation, discouragement, social interest vs faulty values, family themes, inferiority complexes

Question 11

Define Gestalt Therapy

Answer 11

Empty Chair, Fly on on the wall, intensity and conflict markers (reading and responding to them) psychodrama (acting out historical traumas, conflicts themes and relationships

Question 12

Another way to think about psychotherapy is….

Answer 12

an active healing process

Question 13

Most problems are caused by what?

Answer 13

Trauma

Question 14

Capital T Traumas occur when?

Little T’s occur when?

Answer 14

Later in life (adulthood or adolescence)

Earlier in life (adolescence or infancy, childhood up to 12 years old)

Little T’s are often more significant because the client has few resources and the child cannot escape

Question 15

The definition of Trauma is:

Answer 15

A situation when the client experienced something that was:

1. negative
2. unexpected
3. associated with a feeling of being overwhelmed, confused or powerless.

Question 16

Important to ensure safety and calmness with your client. To do this….

Answer 16

Walk your client thorugh a core person/safe place exercise or through power therapies

Question 17

Trauma can be likened to a car crash.

Answer 17

the impact of the car is the trauma

the inflation of the airbag is the dissociation