2.B - Brazil CS Flashcards
1
Q
current patterns of immigration in Brazil
A
- An influx of migrants from Haiti and African countries using Ecuador and Chile as transit countries
- increase of international labour migrants attracted by the construction industry for the 2014 football World Cup and the 2016 Olympics
- Net migration loss of half a million in each of the four-year periods 2000-04 and 2005-09
- 190,000 between 2010-14
2
Q
current patterns of emigration in Brazil
A
- Increased migration between Brazil and its neighbouring countries, Mercosur members: Chile and the Andean states
- decreased emigration of lower skilled economic migrants to the USA
- Increased emigration of highly skilled workers to Europe, USA and Japan
3
Q
current patterns of migration within Brazil
A
- Strong and continuing internal migration - from NE to cities SE
4
Q
change in immigration over time
A
- 19th & 20th century - Brazil was a net recipient of migrants
- Europeans were attracted to work in agricultural sector, coffee cultivation - Italians, Germans and Portuguese
- Japanese migrants drawn to agricultural and industrial sectors
- Economic migration between Paraguay and Argentina always been relatively high
- Immigration into Brazil slowed in last 15 years
- 80,000 fewer immigrants living in Brazil than at the start of the century
5
Q
change in emigration over time
A
- Political crises at various times have led to migrations from Bolivia, Angola and Lebanon
- emigrants have increased in 2013 - 1.77 million Brazilians lived abroad vs 0.98 million in 2000
- The USA has Brazil’s largest pop - overseas mainly for economic reasons
- Many Brazilians of Japanese descent, having strong cultural links, have emigrated to Japan, encouraged by the employment opportunities
6
Q
background of Brazil economically
A
- Brazil 7th largest economy in the world
- Leading economic power in Latin America
- Emerging economy - experiencing significant increase in GDP per capita from US $4900 in 2007 to US $5800 in 2014
- The sectoral contribution to GDP is; services 69%, industry 25% and agriculture 6%
- one of the BRICS group of emerging economies
7
Q
background of Brazil socially and politically
A
- Brazil moves rapidly through the demographic transition with declining birth rate and ageing pop
- Brazil has a stable and democratic political system
- leading member of Mercosur
- member of G20 and OECD
8
Q
immigration into Brazil international links
A
- Portugal 140,000 living in Brazil
- Japan 50,000 living in Brazil
- USA 20,000 living in Brazil
9
Q
emigration out of Brazil international links
A
- USA and Japan - 370,000 Brazilian-born
- Portugal - 140,000 b-b
10
Q
The impact of migration on Brazil’s economic development
A
- Immigration from Japan, Portugal etc = growth in agriculture and manufacturing sectors.
- Increase of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts have contributed to entrepreneurship, innovation and reducing gaps in the labour market.
- Emigration to the USA, Japan, Portugal has = remittances used by families in housing, improvements, education and general consumption
11
Q
The impact of migration on Brazil’s political stability
A
- a trading bloc as a result of membership of Mercosur = free flow of trade, capital and labour migration promoting of political stability
- political stability from bilateral migrant flows between USA, Japan and Portugal
- Brazils receiver of environmental and political refugees and accept responsibility for their welfare and employment prospects by providing visas and work permits - evidence of stable government
12
Q
The impact of migration on Brazil’s social equality
A
UNESCO:
- inequalities between different ethnic groups: Brazilians of African descent are most affected.
- prejudice and discrimination in the labour market, against black and indigenous populations, and this impeded their full economic, political and social development.
- Inequalities exists in housing provision, access to services, educational attainment and income
- poverty concentrated in rural areas or in the favelas to which the poor migrate
