2e - nutrition

Question 1

what is bile?

Answer 1

It’s produced in the liver, and stored in the bladder. It’s highly alkaline and emulsifies lipids

Question 2

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 2

the breakdown of large molecules into small molecules via enzymes

Question 3

what does emulsify mean?

Answer 3

breaking up large droplets of a lipid into smaller droplets in an aqueous solution

Question 4

what are faeces?

Answer 4

the remaining undigested material after digestion and absorption of food in humans

Question 5

what is fibre?

Answer 5

plant material that is hard to digest it keeps food in the alimentary canal soft and bulky, aids peristalsis.

Question 6

what is ingestion?

Answer 6

the taking of food into the alimentary canal

Question 7

what are minerals?

Answer 7

nutrients that plants and animals need in small amounts

Question 8

what is physical/mechanical digestion?

Answer 8

the breakdown of large food pieces for example by chewing

Question 9

what are villus (plural villi)?

Answer 9

finger-like projections of the small intestine wall where absorption of digested food molecules occurs

Question 10

what are vitamins?

Answer 10

nutrients needed by the body in tiny amounts to stay healthy, e.g. vitamins A, C and D

Question 11

what is a balanced diet?

Answer 11

A diet that includes all the components needed for health in the right proportions

Question 12

what are the main components of a healthy human diet?

Answer 12

carbohydrates, protiens, lipids, vitamins and minrals, water and fibre.

Question 13

what is the alimentary canal?

Answer 13

the tubular part of the digestive system, from mouth to anus, that food passes along.

Question 14

how is the food moved through the gut?

Answer 14

peristalis

Question 15

how is starch broken down and what is it broken down into?

Answer 15

starch is broken down into maltose by amylase enzymes.

Question 16

how is maltose broken down and what into?

Answer 16

maltose is broken down by maltase enzymes into glucose

Question 17

how is protein broken down and what into?

Answer 17

protein is broken down by proteases enzymes into amino acids

Question 18

how are lipids broken down and what into?

Answer 18

lipids are broken down by lipase into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 19

what happens in the stomach?

Answer 19

acid and protease enzymes break down the food while the stomach churns up the food.

Question 20

what happens in the pancreas?

Answer 20

the pancreas secretes amylase, lipase and protease enzymes.

Question 21

what happens in the small intestine?

Answer 21

enzymes from the gall bladder and pancreas are released, to complete digestion. the food is then absorbed by villi

Question 22

what different foods contain carbohydrates?

Answer 22

• bread
• sugar
• glucose

Question 23

why does your body need carbohydrates?

Answer 23

because it is the main source of energy

Question 24

what different foods contain protein?

Answer 24

• milk
• cheese
• meat

Question 25

why does your body need protein?

Answer 25

for growth and repair

Question 26

what deficiency disease can a lack of protein cause, and how can you treat it?

Answer 26

kwashiorkor, you can treat it by eating lots of meat, milk and cheese

Question 27

what different foods contain lipids?

Answer 27

- butter - avocados - nuts

Question 28

why does your body need lipids?

Answer 28

insulation, to help maintain body temp and protect your organs. it is also a store of energy.

Question 29

what foods contain vitamin A?

Answer 29

- carrots - fish - milk

Question 30

what deficiency disease is caused by a lack of vitamin A, and how can you treat it?

Answer 30

night blindness, you can treat it by eating lots of carrots, fish and fruits.

Question 31

what foods contain vitamin B?

Answer 31

- eggs - milk - fish

Question 32

what deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of vitamin B and how can you treat it?

Answer 32

pellagria and beriberi you can treat tham by eating milk, fish, eggs .

Question 33

what foods contain vitamin C?

Answer 33

- citrus fruits - peppers - broccoli

Question 34

what deficiency disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C and how can you treat it?

Answer 34

scurvy, you can treat this by eating lots of citrus fruits.

Question 35

what foods contain vitamin D?

Answer 35

- fish - cereal - milk

Question 36

what deficiency disease is caused by a lack of vitamin D and how can you treat it?

Answer 36

rickets, you can treat this by eating milk cereal and fish.

Question 37

what foods contain iron?

Answer 37

- spinach - cereal - steak

Question 38

what deficiency disease is caused by a lack of iron and how can you treat it?

Answer 38

anaemia, you can treat it by eating spinach, cereals and broccoli

Question 39

what foods contain calcium?

Answer 39

- milk - egg-yolk - fish

Question 40

what deficiency disease is caused by a lack of calcium, and how can you treat it?

Answer 40

rickets, you can treat it by drinking lots of milk

Question 41

what foods contain fibre?

Answer 41

- wheat - veg - bran

Question 42

why does your body need fibre?

Answer 42

fibre helps food pass through the digestive system, and prevents constipation

Question 43

what is malnutrition?

Answer 43

malnutrition is a lack of proper nutrition

Question 44

what is iron needed for?

Answer 44

it is needed for the haemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 45

what was an issue with the energy in foods experiment, and how can you solve it?

Answer 45

incomplete combustion, you could solve this by burning it in pure oxygen.

Question 46

what calculation helps you calculate the energy in food correctly?

Answer 46

mass of water (g) x temp change of water (oC) x 4.2