2h - transport in humans

Question 1

what are the main functions of the blood?

Answer 1

• transport substances round the body
• part of the immune system (defends against disease)
• distributes heat round the body
• forms scab to stop bleeding out and infection

Question 2

what are the 4 components of the blood?

Answer 2

• red blood cells
• platelets
• white blood cells
• plasma

Question 3

what percentage of the blood is plasma?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

what percentage of the blood is white blood cells and platelets?

Answer 4

> 1%

Question 5

what percentage of the blood is red blood cells?

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

which cells are involved with blood clotting?

Answer 6

• platelets
• clotting factors
• blood cells
• fibrin

Question 7

what are platelets?

Answer 7

bits of cell broken of larger cells that cause blood to clot when there is damage to a blood vessel

Question 8

what shape is a red blood cell and why?

Answer 8

biconcave disk to increase surface area to volume ratio

Question 9

why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus?

Answer 9

so there is more room for oxygen

Question 10

what does carbon monoxide do?

Answer 10

binds to haemoglobin replacing the oxygen

Question 11

what does a phagocyte do?

Answer 11

engulf the bacteria and digest it

Question 12

what do lymphocytes do?

Answer 12

recognise the microbe, produces antibodies these fit the antigens these antigens are then either digested, die or break open

Question 13

what are memory cells?

Answer 13

they stay in the blood long after the pathogen has been destroyed so that if the same pathogen returns they will recognise it and will respond faster and produce higher quantity’s of antibodies

Question 14

where do arteries go?

Answer 14

away from the heart

Question 15

where do veins go?

Answer 15

towards the heart

Question 16

what is the aorta?

Answer 16

the main artery out of the heart

Question 17

what is the Vena Cava?

Answer 17

the main vein to the heart

Question 18

what are the coronary arterys?

Answer 18

they branch from the aorta into the heart

Question 19

what is the coronary vein?

Answer 19

the vein that goes into the right atrium, from the heart

Question 20

what is the hepatic artery and hepatic vein?

Answer 20

they run into/out of the liver

Question 21

what is the renal artery/vein

Answer 21

they run into and out of the kidneys

Question 22

what is the pulmonary artery/vein

Answer 22

they run into and out of the lungs

Question 23

where does the carotid vein go?

Answer 23

it goes to the head and brain

Question 24

where does the jugular vein go?

Answer 24

carry’s blood from the head and brain back to the heart

Question 25

where is the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 25

between the digestive system and the liver

Question 26

what is the top left chamber of the heart called?

Answer 26

the left atrium

Question 27

what is the top right chamber of the heart called?

Answer 27

the right atrium

Question 28

what is the bottom left chamber of the heart called?

Answer 28

the left ventricle

Question 29

what is the bottom right chamber of the heart called?

Answer 29

the right ventricle

Question 30

what is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle called

Answer 30

the right tricuspid valve

Question 31

what is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle called?

Answer 31

the left bicuspid valve

Question 32

what is the valves going out of the ventricles called?

Answer 32

the semi-lunar valves

Question 33

what do the valves do?

Answer 33

they open and close to stop the blood flowing back the wrong way

Question 34

what do vaccines do?

Answer 34

encourage lymphocytes to produce memory cells that respond more rapidly to another infection by the same pathogen

Question 35

what are arteries walls like?

Answer 35

they have thick elastic walls to resist the pressure of blood

Question 36

what are capillary walls like?

Answer 36

capillaries have very thin walls so substances like carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose can pass through

Question 37

why do veins have a large lumen and valves?

Answer 37

they have a large lumen so blood can flow easily through them they have valves to prevent backflow