2ED Flashcards
(27 cards)
Evaluation of the 1988 Education Reform Act
- Stephen Ball: parent octave is a myth as middle class people have more knowledge e.g. privileged/skilled choosers, semi-skilled choosers and disconnected choosers
3 policies introduced by the 1988 Education Reform Act
- National Curriculum: all children taught same things
- League Tables: publication of exam results
- SATS, GCSE and A-Level Testing: used to measure performance
Main aims of marketisation of education
- To reduce direct state control over education
- To make schools compete and drive up standards
- To give more choice to parents
Criticisms of New Vocationalism
- Cohen: sone work based training is poor quality and is often just used for cheap labour
- A-Levels are seen to be superior to vocational courses, this reinforces class inequality
3 things brought in by vocationalism
- Training Schemes: training for young people
- Vocational Qualifications: work related courses (NVQ,BTEC,OCR)
- Work Experience: aims to ease transition from school to work
What change did Labour introduce in 1970s and what is it?
- Vocationalism: believed children needed more skills to work in industry
Criticisms of comprehensivation
- High standards of grammar schools are lost
- Comprehensives may hold back more able children
- Class inequalities in educational achievements has remained
What system did Labour introduce in 1965 and what is it?
- Comprehensivation: meant all children go to the same school regardless of ability
Criticisms of the Butler Act
- Reproduces gender inequality as females needed higher scores to get into a grammar school
3 types of schools and what are they?
- Grammar: for academic/bright pupils
- Technical: for children who study technical subjects
- Secondary Modern: less academic and more practical
Aims of the Tripartite System
- Parity of esteem
- Selection
- Equality of opportunity
What year was the Butler Act?
- 1944
What system was brought in by the Butler Act?
- Tripartite System
Key points of the New Right view of education
- The best way to achieve as a school is to introduce marketisation
- State schools have minimal involvement
- Schools should be run like private businesses
Key points of the Social Democratic view on education
- Equality of opportunity
- Supports comprehensive schools
What the Labour government try to do? (97-10)
- Maintain a marketisation system whilst also trying trying to reduce inequality in achievement
3 Labour polices brought in between 1997-2010 and what are they?
- Homework Clubs: schools were given funding to set up after school clubs, aimed at disadvantage students
- EMAs: payments to students from low income families to encourage them to stay on after 16 for better qualifications
- Aim Higher Programme: aim was to raise the aspirations of social groups who are under represented in higher education
Criticisms of Labour policies
- Whitty: argues there was a contradiction between Labours polices to tackle inequality and its commitment to marketisation
- Continued existence of selective grammar schools and fee paying private schools.
Labour did not abolish either, despite claiming a commitment to equality of opportunity in education
What did the coalition government change about Labour policies?
- EMA were abolished and replaced with the Bursary scheme, fewer 6th form students are eligible for this
- Uni fees were increased to £9000 and the system of paying them back changed
- GCSEs, A-Levels and the National Curriculum were reformed
- More secondary schools became academies
- The government encouraged the setting up of free schools
What are academies?
- Independent, state run schools, which receive their funding directly from central government rather than a local authority
- Have more freedom over finances, curriculum, lengths of terms and schools days
Negatives of Academies
- Critics said it would break up the state education system and open the door to privatisation, private providers running large chains of schools
What are Free Schools?
- Mostly set up by parents, teachers, charities, businesses, religious groups but are funded by the government
- The schools are established as academies with increased control over their curriculum, teachers pay/ conditions and the length of school terms and days
Positives of Free Schools
- Gives parents and teachers the chance to create a new school is they are unhappy with the state of the schools in their area
Negatives of Free Schools
- Schools are likely to be centred disproportionality in middle class neighbourhoods, this will carry on to create a 2 tier system
- Ball: academies and free schools have led to vogue increased fragmentation and increased centralisation of control over educational provision