2nd A.T rev. Flashcards by zharnie beekyu

Q

What are the two types of data analysis?

A

descriptive
inferential

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Q

The measures of central tendency is under what type of data analysis?

A

descriptive analysis

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Q

True or false: Central tendency is useful, but it fails to account for the general distribution of data.

A

True

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Q

Complete the statement.

The measure of central tendency of a distribution summarizes the data set…

A

into a single figure representing the data set

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Q

What do measures of dispersion describe?

A

How similar the data are in a set.

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Q

What is another term for measures of dispersion?

A

measures of variability

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Q

How is the dispersion of data related to the homogeneity of data?

A

more similar data = lower dispersion
less similar data = higher dispersion

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Q

What are the three measures of central tendency?

A

mean
median
mode

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Q

Explain the two types of data.

A

ungrouped data (raw data)
grouped data (presented in tables)

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Q

Through which table are data usually turned into grouped data?

A

frequency table

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Q

What is a mode?

A

It is the most frequent item in your data set.

A data set may be unimodal, bimodal, trimodal, or have no mode at all.

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Q

What is a mean?

A

It’s the sum of all values divided by the total number of values.

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Q

What is a median?

A

It is the middle number in an ordered dataset.

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

N or n

A

total number of values under frequency

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

C

A

group width

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

L or Lmd

A

lowest boundary of the modal or median class

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

f or fmd

A

frequency of the modal or median group

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

F or fmd-1

A

cumulative frequency of groups before modal or median group

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Q

A

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

x̄

Ungrouped

A

sample mean

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

Σxi

Ungrouped

A

summation of the items in the data set

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

n

Ungrouped

A

number of items in the data set

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Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

x

Grouped

Study These Flashcards

A

average of the class boundaries

Q

What is the formula when finding the mean for ungrouped data?

Study These Flashcards

A

x̄ = (Σxi/n)

What is the formula when finding the mean for grouped data?

x̄ = (Σf*x)/n

What is **range**?

- **Ungrouped data:** It is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set - **Grouped data:** It is the difference between the upper boundary of the highest class interval and the lower boundary of the smallest class

What does **MAD** stand for?

**Mean Absolute Deviation**

What does the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure?

The **average distance of each observation away from the mean** of the data.

How is the formula for the ungrouped data's MAD **different** from that of the grouped data's?

Instead of the absolute value of the difference between the raw data and sample mean, **the summation of the frequency multiplied to the aforementioned variables** is executed.

What is a **standard deviation**?

It measures the average deviation of observations from the mean, and it is the **most common measure of disperson used in research**.

In statistics, which type of standard deviation is commonly used?

**s** for sample

What is the formula for finding the standard deviation in ungrouped data?

- n>30 has s = √(Σ(xi-x̄)^2)/**n**))) - n<30 = √(Σ(xi-x̄)^2)/**n-1**)))

What is **variance**?

It is the square of the standard deviation (s^2).

The data can only be categorized.

Nominal Level

The data can be categorized and ranked

Ordinal Level

The data can be categorized, ranked, and evenly spaced

Interval Level

The data can be categorized, ranked, evenly spaced, and has a natural zero

Ratio Level

You can categorize your data by labelling them in mutually exclusive groups, but there is no order between the categories.

Nominal Level

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. ethnicity

nominal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. car brands

nominal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. gender

nominal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. marital status

nominal

You can categorize and rank your data in an order, but you cannot say anything about the intervals between the rankings.

Ordinal Level

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. top 3 medallists in a race

ordinal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. level of an ability

ordinal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. Likert-type questions (least likely to most likely)

ordinal

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. personality inventories

interval

You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between neighboring data points, but there is no true zero point.

Interval Level

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. test scores

interval ## Footnote A zero on a test is arbitrary; it does not mean that the test-taker has an absolute lack of the trait being measured.

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. temperature

interval ## Footnote Zero degrees is defined differently depending on the scale – it doesn’t mean an absolute absence of temperature.

You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between neighboring data points, and there is a true zero point.

Ratio Level

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. weight

ratio

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. temperature in Kelvin

ratio

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. age

ratio

# Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below. height

ratio