2ND Exam Flashcards
(71 cards)
At the heart of the land hemisphere
maximum efficiency for ocntact with the rest of the world
every part of the europe is close to the sea
navigable waterways
moderate distances
Relative location
Moderating effect of the sea
north atlantic drift
Northwestern europe
seasonal extremes
eastern europe
cool winters and hot, dry summers
mediterranean europe
Physiographic regions:
Central Plateus
Alpine System
Northwestern uplands
North European lowlands
Gentle rolling hills to deep gorges and valleys
europe’s major coalfields
Black Forest
Central Plateaus
Stretches for 800 miles
High, pyramidal peaks and deeply glaciated valleys
Mineral Resources:
Hydroelectric potential:
Switzerland =
Austria =
Agriculture
- Orchards and Vineyards
Tourism
Alpine system
Lead, copper, iron
56%
70%
Most ancient rocks in europe - 400 million years
Fjord landscapes
Formidable environment
Forest and Tundra
Agriculture: oats, rye, potatoes, flax
Northwestern uplands
European plain extends from france into russia
relatively flat to gently rolling hills
farming and settlement - dependent on soil, landscape, and climate
steppe region - sheep farming
North European Lowlands
An area of low land reclaimed from a body of water by building dikes and draining the water
Polder landscape
Movement across geographic space
Involves contact of people in two or more places for the purpose of exchanging goods or ideas
What are their principles:
Spatial interaction
Principles:
Transferibility
Complimentarity
Intervening opportunity
Two places through an exchange of goods, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands
One area has a surplus of an item demanded by a second area
Complimentarity
The ease with which a commodity may be transported or the capacity to move a good at a bearable cost
rivers, mountain passes, road networks
advances in transportation technology
Transferibility
The presence of a nearer source of supply or opportunity that acts to diminish the attractiveness of more distant sources and sites
intervening oppotunity
Europe
population:
Population density:
740 million
260 persons per square mile
Developed in the UK between 1750-1850
Evolved from technical innovations that occured in british industry-steam engine and use of coal
british had huge advantage
proved to be a major catalyst towards increased urbanization
produced a distinct spatial pattern in europe
Industrial revolution
3 or 4 live in cities
More than 450 cities and towns with populations over 100,000
World city
Primate city
Urbanization
A country’s largest city
Always disproportionately larger than the second largest urban center – more than twice the size
Especially expressive of national culture
Primate city
When population urbanizes, avg family size declines
Population Implosion
refre to the forces that tend to divide a country
- religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences
Centrifugal forces
Forces tha unite and bind a country togethr
- A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith
Centripetal forces
Transfer of power or authority from a central government to a local government
Devolution
A venture involving three or more states
Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation
to promote shared objectives
European supranationalism started with the 1944 Benelux Agreement, an economic union between
Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
supranationalism
an economic union between Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Benelux Agreement
