1. Permanent Housing 2. Sufficient Space 3. Clean Water 4. Sanitation 5. Personal Safety

3rd Exam Flashcards by Leander Gayola

Subsaharan africa populstion is

Growth Rate is

833 million

2.3%

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Nigeria Population is

186 Million

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A Plateu Continent

Landmass composed of
plateaus and bounded
escarpments (steep cliffs)

Almost the entire
continent lies above
1,000 feet in elevation

Africa’s Physiography

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11,424 feet

Drakensburg Mountains

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“Mountains of the Moon”

16,761 feet

Ruwenzori Mountains

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The expansion or
intensification of areas
of degraded or
destroyed soil and
vegetation cover –
usually in arid and
semiarid environments

Main culprits –
climate change,
overgrazing,
overcultivation,
deforestation,
burning

Desertification

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360,000 square miles

Kalahari Desert

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The smoke that thunders

Mosi-o-tunya

Victoria falls

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26,600 sq mile

Third Largest lake in the world

Lake Victoria

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“The place where the land runs on forever.”

19,341 ft

Mt. Kilimanjaro

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5,695 mi^2

Serengeti National Park

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Concerned with the tracking of disease outbreaks to
identify their sources, detect their carriers, and
prevent their recurrence.

Medical Geography

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-Exists in equilibrium with the population
- Many develop an immunity of sorts
- Saps energy, lowers resistance, shortens lives
- Hepatitis, venereal diseases, hookworm for this
region

Endemic

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Sudden outbreak at local, regional scale

Epidemic

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Worldwide Spread

Pandemic

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bad air

300 million people are
affected globally

Criteria:
 Above 75 degrees
 Standing, shaded water

Malaria

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75% of the world’s cases

Over 24 million

AIDS in Africa

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37% urbanized = 319 million people

About 40 cities with more than a million people

Many live in informal settlements with
inadequate:

African cities

social services
sanitation
water supply
energy
waste disposal
shelter

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“City of gold”

4 mil

Contains the biggest and busiest airport on the continent of Africa

World’s largest city not built on a coastline – or lake or river

Johannesburg, South Africa

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is known as the country’s “Mother City.”

City had its origin in 1652.

Cape Town

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World’s first heart transplant

1967

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“The residence of peace“

4 million

Largest and most
populous Swahili
speaking city in the world

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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21 million people

80% of Nigeria’s trade
goes through this city

Infamous for its traffic
and crime problems.

Average commute time
= 90 minutes

Lagos, Nigeria

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Slums lack….

Permanent Housing
Sufficient Space
Clean Water
Sanitation
Personal Safety

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Beginning of European domination Exploitation Gold Coast – Ghana Ivory Coast – Cote d’Ivoire Slave Coast – Nigeria and Benin

Advent of the Colonial Period

European states divided up Africa without consideration of indigenous cultures

Berlin Conference 1884

Geographic separation of races permission to enter or live in white areas imprisoned for 27 years

Apartheid "Pass Laws" Nelson Mandela

A state where government is so weak that it lacks legitimacy and control over its territory, cannot provide public services, and corruption and crime dominate.

Failed State

On completion in 1972, it was the eighth tallest building in the world.

Transamerica Pyramid

What is the first foreign country due south of Detroit, MI?

Canada

Which state is America’s flattest, with a difference of only 345 feet between its highest and lowest points?

Florida

Other than Florida, which state bill themselves as the ‘Sunshine State?’ Also called The Coyote State and The Blizzard State

South Dakota

Which state has the longest shoreline? (Excluding Alaska) 3,288 miles

Michigan

The border between Canada and the United States is officially known as the it is the world's longest border between two countries.

International Boundary

Canada's National Sport

Ice hockey and Lacrosse

Panoramic Skylines

New York Toronto Chicago

Vast Suburban Expanses

Los Angeles Houston Dallas-Fort Worth

Responsible for largest earthquakes

Subduction zones

Extends from northern California to southern British Columbia Deep earthquakes happen every 300 to 500 years

Subduction zone fault in Pacific Northwest

20,310 feet

Alaska Range and Denali

279 feet

Death Valley, CA

14,440 feet

Mount Elbert

Regions of the Realm

Northeast * North Atlantic Coast * French Canada * Southeast * Southwest * West Coast * Rocky Mountains * Midwest * Northern Frontier

Form the Core Region for both countries * 1/3 of both countries' populations * Extensive transportation networks and facilities * Corporate headquarters, media centers, prestigious universities * Contains largest city and capitals of both countries

Northeast

Opened in 1825

Eerie Canal

Difficult environments, maritime orientation, limited resources, & rural character - slowed development Economic focus: Primary activities Recreation Tourism

North Atlantic Coast

80% of this is caught and sold in the US are caught in Maine’s territorial water. Once seen as a sign of poverty. Declines after Civil War. Maine enacts law specifying minimum size. Codfish is the major natural predator of the this. 2022 - 120 million lbs of this are caught = $519 million

Lobster

The southern portion of Quebec and neighboring New Brunswick Economic prospects overshadowed by bursts of nationalism Tolerance for multiculturalism is very low

French Canada

Province with secessionist tendency Culturally different (French-speaking) 1995 referendum → non! Laws that reassure the primacy of Quebecois culture in the province - Nation within the Canadian federation - High degree of autonomy French significant part of cultural landscape

The Quebec Question

Most dynamic region in terms of change especially since 1970 * Changing demographics * Booming economy * Poverty and income disparity

Southeast

Metro = over 6 million Connection to the rest of the America’s.

Miami

US-Mexican borderland * Steppe and Desert * A tri-cultural region * Sunbelt * Water issues

Southwest

Pacific coastlands of the conterminous U.S. and SW Canada Would constitute a core in most parts of the world Contains most productive agricultural areas in California’s Central Valley Involvement in economic growth with countries across the Pacific Natural hazards

West Coast

Remoteness, dryness, and sparse population typified region for long time * Technology, sunny climates, open spaces, lower costs, & growing job opportunities. * Metropolises – Las Vegas – Denver – Salt Lake City

Rocky Mountains

Center of conterminous U.S. and southern Canada * Tremendous agricultural productivity – Breadbasket * Corn and wheat belts * Declining Population

Midwest

Opened in 1914 Shortens travel by 2 weeks $1.9 billion in tolls

Panama Canal

3,230 feet – Tallest in the World

Angel Falls

269 feet high – 1.7 miles wide

Iguzu Falls

Population: ~ 600 million 80% Urban 90% - AR, UY, VE Decline in fertility rates Cultural attitudes about family size Race: Mulatto – European/African Mestizo – European/Indian Zambo – African/Indian 5 Million Slaves during Colonial Period

Latin America

Americas were mostly wild and unmodified by the human inhabitants. 50 Million living here before European contact.

Pristine Myth

Refers to the interchange of crops, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas that began with Columbus.

Columbian Exchange

Source area from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that changed the world beyond

Cultural Hearths

Produced skilled artists and scientists Achieved a great deal in agriculture and trade Domesticated the turkey and grew cacao Developed writing systems Studied astronomy Decline from:  Deforestation Climate Change  Soil erosion  Droughts  Declining soil fertility

Maya Civilization

Conquered territories to the east and south Subjugated peoples and towns in order to extract taxes and tributes Developed irrigation systems Built elaborate walls to terrace slopes Built islands in lake and wetland environments Greatest contribution: corn, sweet potato, tomato, various kinds of beans, squash, and tobacco

Aztec Civilization

Layout was mandated by this Result is regularity in city layout throughout Spanish Middle and South America

Spanish Colonial town

Altiplanos were key to settlement patterns. Fertile soils, reliable water supplies, building materials, and natural protection  20 million subjects at its peak  Expert builders, manufacturers, farmers, scholars and physicians  Transportation networks and integration efforts were very impressive and helped unify their vast empire  A highly centralized and advanced state

Inca Empire

Went into effect January 1, 1994 Established a trade agreement between Mexico, Canada and the US, which: Reduced and regulated trade tariffs, barriers, and quotas between members  Standardized finance & service exchanges

North America Free Trade Agreement

One of the world’s largest urban agglomerations 40% of GNP Vivid social contrasts  Magnificent plazas, superb museums, ultramodern skyscrapers, and luxury shops  500 established slums  Lost Cities Rampant crime – corrupt police  Environmental crises  Water depletion  Air pollution  Geologic hazards

Mexico City

Travel to wild and scenic locations in ways that are sensitive to local social and environmental concerns. providers attempt to raise the environmental and cultural awareness of tourists, while supporting goals of natural conservation and sustainable local economic development.

Ecotourism

tends to monopolize revenues- accommodations, meals, entertainment – with relatively few dollars flowing into the local economy.

Cruises

Important ‘sink’ for greenhouses gases Critical rainfall source Brazil reduced forest loss through removing incentives for land conversion, establishing protected areas, and enforcing forest laws.

Amazon

Clearing of rural lands to accommodate cattle and export production of commodities Logging of tropical forests to meet global demands for new housing, paper, and furniture Population expansion: forests are cut to provide cropraising space and firewood

Tropical Deforestation

3rd Exam Flashcards

(72 cards)