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AP Euro > 2nd Quarter Dates > Flashcards

2nd Quarter Dates Flashcards

1
Q

1689-1789

A

The Era of Enlightenment or Age of Reason

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2
Q

1776

A

Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations calling for laissez-faire economic policies, free trade

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3
Q

1712-1778

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau must be recognized as the link between the Enlightenment and the Romantic Era.

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4
Q

1689

A

English Bill of Rights is passed assuring Parliament’s control over taxation and asserting the English tradition of constitutionalism.

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5
Q

1701-1713

A

Wars of Spanish Succession pits France (and Spain) against the Grand Alliance who wish to fight French hegemony and maintain the balance of power.

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6
Q

1713

A

Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession benefits the English, Prussians, and other members of the Grand Alliance opposing the “Sun King.”

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7
Q

Early 18th Century in England

A

Walpole becomes leader of government as de facto Prime Minister as England develops Party Politics.

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8
Q

1698-1725

A

Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia.

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9
Q

1700-1721

A

Great Northern War between Swedes and Russia ends with Russian expansion and emergence as the Great Baltic power.

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10
Q

1713 (2)

A

The Pragmatic Sanction is signed.
Maria Theresa ascension to the throne was legal according to this piece of paper.

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11
Q

1740

A

Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria come to their respective Hohenzollern and Habsburg thrones and begin German dualisms duel; leads to Prussia’s emergence as a great power state

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12
Q

18th century

A

Rococo Art and Mozart

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13
Q

1756

A

Diplomatic Revolution changes the alliance system of Europe and puts Prussia in a precarious position.

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14
Q

1756-63

A

The Seven Years War (known as the French and Indian War in North America) is fought.

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15
Q

1780-1790

A

Reign of Josef II of Austria as the only “true” Enlightened Despot.

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16
Q

May 5, 1789

A

The Estates General are summoned by Louis XVI to respond to the economic crisis. This is the first meeting in 175 years.

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17
Q

June 20-27, 1789

A

The Tennis Court Oath. The 3rd Estate declares itself the National Constituent Assembly of France and makes a pledge to stay in session until a constitution in formulated.

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18
Q

July 14, 1789

A

Storming of the Bastille—Symbolic Destruction of the Old Regime Saves the National Constituent Assembly.

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19
Q

August 4, 1789

A

Abolition of feudal privileges by National Constituent Assembly

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20
Q

August 26, 1789

A

Publication of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

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21
Q

1790 — Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

confiscates Church lands as a method of dealing with financial crisis and in an instant makes the Church the hated opponent of revolution for years to come.

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22
Q

1790

A

“Father of Modern Conservatism”, the Brit Edmund Burke predicts violent future of French Revolution in his Reflections on the French Revolution.

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23
Q

1791-92

A

Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft publish treatises calling for women’s equality.

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24
Q

1791

A

Royal family tries to escape in the “Flight to Varennes”.
October 21: Legislative Assembly convenes.

25
Q

1792

A

France declares war on Austria and Prussia as a means of exporting the “universal rights of man” throughout Europe in a “crusading spirit” of secularism and “rationalism”.
September 21: Abolition of monarchy; France becomes a republic.

26
Q

1793-94

A

Radical Phase of the French Revolution; Robespierre, Danton, and Marat

27
Q

1789-91

A

Moderate stage of revolution dominated by those members of Third Estate originally summoned to the Estates General

28
Q

1793-94

A

Radical Revolution eventually led by the Jacobin Party leader Robespierre.

29
Q

1795-99

A

Conservative Directory fails to solve financial crisis or famine in France, but Napoleon is winning victories and fame and thus comes to power after abandoning his army in Egypt.

30
Q

1799

A

Napoleon’s coup d’etat overthrows corrupt Directory.

31
Q

1804 (1)

A

Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of 1st French Empire.

32
Q

1804 (2)

A

England dominates the High Seas for a Century.

33
Q

1812

A

Napoleon makes the fateful decision to invade Russia

34
Q

1814

A

Battle of Nations—Napoleon is defeated by the Grand Alliance and Louis XVIII is restored to the throne.

35
Q

1815

A

Napoleon escapes from exile in Elbe and flirts with a new Empire during the infamous “100 Days” before being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo

36
Q

1789-1848

A

Romantic Era

37
Q

1815 (2)

A

The forces of conservatism and reaction dominate the Congress of Vienna where Metternich and others attempt to re-establish the ancien regime.

38
Q

1815-1914

A

the “Long Peace” in Europe between the Napoleonic Wars and the outbreak of WWI.

39
Q

1776-1830

A

Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe

40
Q

1815-1848

A

The Age of Metternich – Reactionary Repression

41
Q

1819

A

Peterloo Massacre in Britain and the repressive Carslbad Decrees in the German States are examples of government opposition to liberalism in the immediate aftermath of the 25 years of French Revolution and Napoleon.

42
Q

1820s

A

Both the conflict over the Monroe Doctrine (the English did not want to see a return to Spanish mercantilism) and the Greek Revolution (see Delacroix’s inspirational “The Massacre at Chios” and Romantic attachment to classical Greece) exposes the weakness inherent in any attempt at collective security. In this case, the Concert of Europe agreed to at the Congress of Vienna is splintered.

43
Q

1830 Revolutions in Europe

A

Charles X abrogates the Constitutional Charter and moves to crush the forces of liberalism; the July Revolution in France establishes Louis Philippe, “the bourgeois king”, on the throne of France and starts a series of revolutions across Europe…

44
Q

19th Century — Post-Napoleonic Europe —

A

Industrial Revolution:
- Originally begins in England during the 18th century as a result of the enclosure movement. - Large number of peasants provide cheap labor for the new textile industrial revolution in England in 17th century.
- Most of Europe would begin to industrialize along the factory system
- Workers initially suffered under horrendous conditions, but experienced gradual improvements in standard of living beginning with the 2nd/Steel Industrial Revolution

45
Q

1815-1846

A

Corn Laws in Effect

46
Q

1819

A

Peterloo Massacre represents repression even in England

47
Q

1832

A

Great Reform Bill in Britain is passed extending the franchise and redistricting the “rotten boroughs” to give more representation to the growing industrial centers of Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, etc.

48
Q

1830’s, 1840’s, 1850’s, 1860’s

A

Before George Orwell of the 1930’s, was the social critic and incredible author, Charles Dickens.

49
Q

1838-1848

A

Chartists in England call for universal suffrage.

50
Q

1798-1848

A

Parson Malthus’s “Essay on Population” and David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages” rule the day as the “Manchester School” of economics dominates the “dismal science.”

51
Q

1846

A

Repeal of Corn Laws in England.

52
Q

1867

A

The Reform Bill of 1867 becomes law in England and the franchise is increased by 124%.

52
Q

1848 (1)

A

Chartists disband quietly considering it was the year of Revolutions. This shows evolutionary nature of English society.

53
Q

1884

A

Reform Bill
(which like the others, focused on improving the franchise)

54
Q

1850’s and beyond

A

Scramble for Africa

55
Q

1848 (2)

A

Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism.
- Franz Joseph ruled Hapsburg domains as a source of conservative continuity from 1848-1915.

56
Q

1848 (3)

A

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto calling for “scientific socialism” and “dialectical materialism”.

57
Q

1890’s

A

Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow

AP Euro (5 decks)

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