2nd Semester Final

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

produces it’s own energy from the sunlught

Question 2

Heterotroph

Answer 2

consumes energy by eating other organisms and receives energy chemically

Question 3

a consumer is a

Answer 3

heterotroph

Question 4

a producer is an

Answer 4

autotroph

Question 5

vestigial

Answer 5

structures that once did something in the past but have no use now
ex. goosebumps, appendix, wisdom teeth

Question 6

biogeography

Answer 6

life and where it is found

Question 7

niche

Answer 7

the purpose an organism serves in it’s environment that’s resulted from physical structure, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to it’s surrondings

Question 8

gradualism

Answer 8

the view that evolution proceeds by ridiculously small steps over long periods of time rather than by abrupt, major changes

Question 9

equilibrium

Answer 9

the condition in which all acting influences are balanced or canceled by opposing forces, resulting in a stable system

Question 10

Biology

Answer 10

the study of life and living organisms including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy.

Question 11

Evolution

Answer 11

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Question 12

Scientific Theory

Answer 12

a well supported testable explanation of a phenomena that has occurred in the natural world

Question 13

homolygous structure

Answer 13

same structure, different function

Question 14

analygous structure

Answer 14

different structures, same function

Question 15

species

Answer 15

a group of organisms that look alike that are actually or have the potential to interbreed who are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Question 16

genetic drift

Answer 16

random evolutionary change

Question 17

bottleneck effect

Answer 17

large reduction sometimes caused by natural disasters, the small surviving population is unlikely to represent the original population

Question 18

Two ways speciation occurs

Answer 18

allopatric (geographic) speciation
sympatic speciation

also parapatric speciation

Question 19

Book that Charles Darwin wrote

Answer 19

The Origin of Species

Question 20

Charles Darwin’s theory

Answer 20

successful organisms are the ones with high rates of successful reproduction

Question 21

James Hutton’s Theory

Answer 21

Earth has existed for a very long time

Question 22

Lyell’s theory

Answer 22

Geological features can be built up or turn down over time

Question 23

Lamarck’s theory

Answer 23

species evolve, but he believed that species evolved each generation ex. if a giraffe got a longer neck during it’s life, it’s child would have a long neck

Question 24

Thomas Malthus’s theory

Answer 24

population growth, there’s a higher reproduction rate than death rate.

Question 25

Evidence of Evolution (4)

Answer 25

- Law of Superstition - Geographic distribution - homolygous structures - embryology

Question 26

Law of Superstition

Answer 26

the closer towards the core of the Earth, the older the fossil/speices

Question 27

Embryology

Answer 27

the study of embryos

Question 28

microevolution

Answer 28

change in gene pool of a population over several generations

Question 29

punctual

Answer 29

time difference, changes have occurred

Question 30

Founder effect

Answer 30

when the a starting population colonizes a new habitat. the smaller the founding group, the less likely it is to represent the original population

Question 31

gene flow

Answer 31

the migration of fertile individuals or transfer of gametes between population

Question 32

modes of natural selection (4)

Answer 32

- stabilizing - sexual - diverging/disruptive - directional

Question 33

reproductive isolation

Answer 33

cannot interbreed, no mixing gene pools

Question 34

geographic isolation

Answer 34

separated by a mountain range or body of water or some sort of other large geographical feature

Question 35

allopatric speciation

Answer 35

geographic isolation: when populations are completely separated by a physical barrier. each population adapts differently to their unique environment becoming so genetically different that they can't interbreed anymore

Question 36

sympatric speciation

Answer 36

formation of descendant species from a single ancestral species within the same geographic location

Question 37

What geographical location did Darwin study?

Answer 37

Galapagos islands

Question 38

Prokaryotic

Answer 38

a single celled organism without a nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle