2nd Semester - Geologic Timescale

Question 1

They conducted an experiment in the 1950s, which involved simulating the early conditions of Earth inside the laboratory.

Answer 1

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

Question 2

In it, they filed a flask with _, ,, _ to represent the early atmosphere of Earth.

Answer 2

hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water

Question 3

What compounds were discovered through it?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

These cell-like structures were actually large organic molecules known as?

Answer 4

proteinoid microspheres

Question 4

Scientists believe that microscopic cell-like strucutres similar to modern bacterias appeared _ million years after Earth was cool enough to ccarry water.

Answer 4

200-300 million years

Question 5

According to _, eukaryotic cells created a symbiotic relationship with prokaryotic organisms - one group can produce ATP, and the other can do photosynthesis.

Answer 5

endosymbiotic theory

Question 6

A tyoe if relationship wherein an organism lives inside its partner.

Answer 6

Endosymbiosis

Question 7

The scientific study of the existence of life, including the origin and eventual destruction or extinction of different groups of organisms.

Answer 7

Palentology

Question 8

Paleontology is a science that incorporates discipline such as?

Answer 8

biology, geology, ecology, archaeology, and computer science

Question 9

They specialize in studying the ecologies of the past and the evolution of organisms that thrived in these ecologies through careful observation and documentation of fossils.

Answer 9

Paleontologists

Question 10

An example of a fossil record from the late Jurassic period said to have had many features of dinosaurs, which provides a strong evidence of the dinosaur ancestry of birds.

Answer 10

Archaeopteryx lithographica

Question 11

The study of life on Earth based on the evidence found on rocks.

Answer 11

Geology

Question 12

Is used to represent evolutionary time.

Answer 12

Geologic timescale

Question 12

Scientists who carefully study the different materials that make up Earth.

Answer 12

Geologists

Question 13

The largest divisions in the geologic time.

Answer 13

Eons

Question 14

The recent eon, which began more than 500 millions of years ago, characterized by the existence of organisms with skeleton or hard shells.

Answer 14

Phanerozoic eon

Question 15

Other eon from 2.5 billion years ago to 540 million yers ago, where the multicellular oranismsn arose and where mass extinction occured.

Answer 15

Proterozoic

Question 16

The eon from 3.9 billion to 2.5 years ago where the first life-forms represented by single-celled organisms appeared.

Answer 16

Archaeozoic

Question 17

The eon from 4.6 to 3.9 billion years ago characterized by Earth’s formation from dust and gases.

Answer 17

Hadean

Question 18

Proterozoic, Archaeozoic, and Hadean eons are sometimes collectively known as the _, which accounts for almost 90% of Earth’s history.

Answer 18

Precambrian time

Question 19

An eon can be divided into smaller time intervals known as?

Answer 19

Eras

Question 20

The three eras of Phanerozoic

Answer 20

Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

Question 21

This began is about 540 million years ago and lasted for about 300 million years ago. Many kinds of organisms. This is when fossil records became rich with evidence of many marine organisms.

Answer 21

Paleozoic era

Question 22

Began about 200 million years ago and lasted for about 180 milion years ago. This is when many kinds of dinosaurs existed. Also marked by the appearance of flowering plants.

Answer 22

Mesozoic era

Question 23

Mesozoic era is also known as the?

Answer 23

Age of Reptiles and Age of Dinosaurs

Question 24

The latest era in the geologic timeline, which began from 65 million years ago up to the present. Mammals have evolved and adapted to live in various environment, such as land, water, and air.

Answer 24

Cenozoic era

Question 25

Cenozoic era is composed of _ and _ periods, which are characterized by the presence of primitive mammals and modern human civilization.

Answer 25

Quaternary and Tertiary periods

Question 26

_ are further subdivision of eras.

Answer 26

Periods

Question 27

The Proterozoic eon is composed of the _ period. Prokaryotic organisms began to appear during this period, first with the anaerobic life-forms, and then followed by the photosynthetic organisms, which added oxygen to the atmosphere.

Answer 27

Vendian/Ediacaran period

Question 28

The Paleozoic era had been divided into these periods:

Answer 28

Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian

Question 29

Organisms were known to have hard ody parts such as shells and outer skeletons in this period. The first known representative of most animal phyla evolved during this period (jellyfishes, worms, and sponges).

Answer 29

Cambrian period

Question 30

What was common in Cambrian period?

Answer 30

brachiopods (small animals with two shells); resembled, but not related to, modern clams

Question 31

What was the most dominant in Cambrian period? Hard-shelled, segmented creatures.

Answer 31

Trilobites

Question 32

During these periods, early forms of cephalopods (octopi and squid) appeared. The first vertebrates, animals with backbones, to appear in this period were jawless fishes which had suckerlike mouths. Became the common in the seas. The first forms of land also appeared during these periods.

Answer 32

Ordovician and Silurian

Question 33

Among the invertebrates, animals without backbones, that first appeared in this period were?

Answer 33

insects

Question 34

In this period, many plants, including fern, adapted to drier areas, which allowed them to invade other kinds of habitats.

Answer 34

Devonian period

Question 35

Life continued to expand on Earth's surface during these periods.

Answer 35

Carboniferous and Permian periods

Question 35

Animals with scaly skins that lay eggs with tough leathery shells evolved from amphibians.

Answer 35

Reptiles

Question 36

The mass extinction at the end of the _ affected both plans and animals on land and seas. 95% disappeared.

Answer 36

Paleozoic era

Question 37

The Mesozoic era was divided into three periods, which represent the age when many forms of dinosaurs are believed to have existed on Earth. [asteroid impact or volcanism]

Answer 37

Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic

Question 37

Many organisms at the onset of _ survived the mass extinction during the Permian period, such as fishes, insects, reptiles, and cone-bearing plants.

Answer 37

Triassic period

Question 38

When did the first dinosaurs appear?

Answer 38

225 million years ago

Question 39

One of the earliest dinosaur species belonged to the genus _, which were meat-eaters that had light, hollow bones to help them run swiftly on their hind early.

Answer 39

Coelophysis

Question 39

One of the earliest known birds that appeared during Jurassic period.

Answer 39

Archaeopteryx

Question 39

During the _ period, dinosaurs became the most dominant animals on land for about 150 million years.

Answer 39

Jurassic period

Question 40

_ was one of the largest dinosaurs in Jurassic period.

Answer 40

Dicraeosaurus

Question 41

The time when reptiles were the dominant vertebrates on Earth.

Answer 41

Cretaceous period

Question 42

_ emerged as the common herbivores during the Cretaceous period.

Answer 42

Iguanodon and Triceratops

Question 43

_ were some of the dominant carnivores in this period.

Answer 43

Tyrannosaurus rex and Spinosaurus

Question 43

These flowering plants also arose during the Cretaceous periods.

Answer 43

Angiosperms

Question 44

How did the cretaceous period end?

Answer 44

meteorite-caused mass extinction

Question 45

What periods is the Cenozoic era divided them to?

Answer 45

Tertiary and Quaternary periods

Question 45

This period is from 65 to 1.8 million years ago. Started with the emergence of primitive mammals. Earth was warm and mild.

Answer 45

Tertiary period

Question 46

The earliest modern humans are believed to have existed at the start of this period. From 1.8 million years ago up to the present and characterized by a series of ice ages followed by warmer climates.

Answer 46

Quaternary period

Question 47

Fossil records suggest that the earliest ancestors of our species called _ appeared about the million years ago but did not looks like humans.

Answer 47

Hominids

Question 47

Quaternary period is coined as the?

Answer 47

Age of Man

Question 48

Modern humans are called _may have evolved as early as 100 000 years ago in Africa.

Answer 48

Homo sapiens

Question 48

Further subdivisions shown in the Cenozoic era and parts of the Mesozoic era. They are only done for the most recent portion of the geologic timescale because old rocks in the late portions of the timescale have been buried deeply, causing them to be intensely deformed and severely modified by Earth's long-time processes.

Answer 48

Epochs