2nd year buzzwords Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
cherry red spot at the macula
A
CRAO
2
Q
“tear drop” or “blood level in sinus”
A
blow out fracture
3
Q
failure to adduct
A
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
4
Q
what is the issue in internuclear ophthalmoplegia
A
medial longitudinal fasciculus
5
Q
pain on eye movement
A
optic neuritis
6
Q
what most commonly causes optic neuritis
A
MS
7
Q
painful loss of vision over 1-2 weeks
A
optic neuritis
8
Q
curtain coming down < 5 mins
A
amaurosis fugax
9
Q
curtain coming down (partial) > 5 mins
A
retinal detachment
10
Q
flashes and floaters
A
retinal detachment
11
Q
photophobia
A
anterior uveitis
12
Q
gritty feeling in eye
A
bacterial conjunctivitis or subtarsal foreign body
13
Q
watery eye and pain and pre-auricular lymph nodes
A
viral conjunctivitis
14
Q
silver/copper wiring
A
HTN eye disease
15
Q
loss of red reflex / eye red on ophthalmoscopy
A
haemorrhage
16
Q
new vessels and haemorrhage
A
wet ARMD
17
Q
follicular conjunctivitis
A
chlamydia
18
Q
pin point pupils
A
pontine issue
19
Q
dilated pupils
A
trans-calcarine fracture
20
Q
different sized pupil
A
damage to CN III (or sympathetic chain as in horners)
21
Q
down out dilated pupil
A
CN III palsy
22
Q
down and out not dilated
A
diabetes
23
Q
roth spots
A
infective endocarditis
24
Q
brushfield spots
A
downs syndrome
25
scrambled egg / egg yolk appearance of macula
Best disease
26
fluid level behind ear drun
retracted ear drum
dull colour
OME
27
difficulty at school and have to shout loudly to hear
hearing loss
| OME?
28
feeling of fullness in the ear
menieres
29
loss of corneal reflex (+ SNHL, vertigo, tinnitus)
acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
30
vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma assoc with
NF II
31
vertigo on rotation of the head
BPPV
32
battle sign
mastoid process of temporal bone fracture
33
pearly white on otoscopy
cholesteatoma
34
foul cheesy discharge
cholesteatoma
35
saddle nose
wegeners granulomatosis (GPA)
36
Edwards
chromosome 18
37
Patau
chromosome 13
38
downs syndrome
chromosome 21
39
ADHD triad
hyperactive
inattentive
impulsive
40
tx ADHD
methylphenidate or atomoxetine
41
autism triad
social communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imagination
42
was is aspergers
form of autism where there is no problem with social communication
43
stuck on appearance
Basal cell papilloma (seborrhaeic keratoses)
44
picket fence pearly border
BCC
45
coeliac disease assoc with...
dermatitis herpetiformis
46
erythema nodosum
sarcoidosis
UC
TB
47
erythematous bullseye lesion (erythema migrans)
lyme disease
48
ash leaf macule
tuberous sclerosis
49
shagreen patches
tuberous sclerosis
50
honey crust
impetigo
51
causes of impetigo
staph aureus
| group A strep
52
cafe au lait spots
neurofibromatosis 1 or 2
53
silver scales extensor surfaces
psoriasis
54
cauliflower appearance
warts
55
kaposi sarcoma
HIV / immunosuppressed (transplant)
56
intense erythema on cheeks and proximal limbs
slapped cheek syndrome/fifth disease/erythema infectiosum
57
slapped cheek syndrome cause
parovirus B19
58
small umbilicated translucent papules that look fluid filled but are solid
molluscum contagiosum
59
flaccid blisters that can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions
pemphigus vulgaris
60
large tense bullae that are itchy and cannot be burst
bullous pemphigoid
61
helitrope rash and scaly knuckles
dermatomyositis
62
fish scale skin
ichthyosis
63
velvety thickened lesions in axillae
acanthosis nigricans
64
target lesion
erythema multiforme
65
catecholamines in urine
headaches
hypertension
palpitations
phaeochromocytoma
66
tanned skin but not on holiday
addisions
67
increased shoe size
spade hands
wedding ring too tight
acromegaly
68
signs of hyperthyroid plus eye changes, gritty eyes, smooth velvety skin
graves
69
```
moon face
proximal weakness
purple abdo straie
buffalo hump
central obesity
```
cushings
70
ketones on breath (sweat, pear drop scent)
DKA
71
deep laboured breathing
kussmaul breathing
72
kussmaul breathing seen in
metabolic acidosis esp DKA
73
orphan annie nuclei
papillary thyroid carcinoma
74
bone pain
stones
abdo pain
psychiatric problems
hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism)
75
psammoma bodies
papillary thyroid carcinoma
76
butterfly rash/malar rash
SLE
77
heat intolerance/palpitations
hyperthyroidism
78
cold intolerance/weight gain
hypothyroidism
79
anosmia and elevated GnRH deficiency
Kallmans
80
Trosseau sign
Chovstek sign
QT prolongation
hypocalcaemia
81
acute management of hypocalcaemia
IV calcium gluconate
| 10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins in 50% dextrose or saline
82
brachydactyly of 4th metacarpal
pseudohypoparathyroidism
83
pencil in cup X ray appearance
| sausage fingers
psoriatic arthritis
84
wrist drop
radial nerve palsy
85
swinging fever
abscess
86
dinner fork or swan neck deformity in wrist
displaced colles fracture
87
pain/tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fracture
88
feels like walking on pebbles
advanced rheumatoid arthritis in the feet - subluxation of the MTPJs
89
reiters syndrome
cant see cant pee cant bend the knee
- uveitis
- urethritis
- arthritis
90
foot drop
common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)
91
hanging rope sign
AVN
92
AVN
```
proximal scaphoid
intracapsular femoral
femoral condyles
humeral head
capitellum
proximal talus
```
93
negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals
gout
| urate crystals
94
envelope shaped rhomboid mildly positively birefringent crystals
ca pyrophosphate crystals
| pseudogout
95
positive anterior drawer test
ACL tear rupture
96
what is a positive anterior drawer test
tibia can be pulled forward easily on the femur when knee flexed
97
pain in internal rotation and extension of the knee at 90 degrees
lateral meniscal tear
98
painful arc
damaged supraspinatus tendon (rotator cuff)
| frozen shoulder
99
dry eyes mouth and skin
+ve schirmer's test
often with RA
with infiltration
sjogren's syndrome
100
dry eyes mouth vagina
bronchitis
no RA
no infiltration
sicca syndrome
101
locked knee
bucket handle meniscal tear
102
bamboo spine on xray
| sacroilitis and question mark posture
ankylosing spondylitis
103
shortened leg and externally rotated
displaced fracture neck of femur
104
shortened leg
| internally rotated
dislocated femoral head
105
onion peel sign
ewings sarcoma
106
sunray spiculation
oesteosarcoma
107
popcorn calcification on xray
chondrosarcoma
108
soap bubble appearance on xray
giant cell tumour
109
scalp tenderness and jaw claudication
temporal arteritis
110
gowers sign positive
DMD
111
swollen woody calves
DMD or Becker MD
112
Hatchet-like face
myotonic dystrophy
113
cannon ball mets on CXR
renal mets
114
loin to groin pain
renal colic
115
sea anemone on cystoscopy
transitional cell carcinoma
116
UTI and travel to india
carbapenase-producing klebsiella - resistant to all antibiotics
117
UTI with foul smelling urine and renal calculi
proteus sp.
118
beading of the renal artery
fibromuscular dysplasia
119
RBC casts in urine
proves haemturia is glomerular
120
muddy brown casts of epithelial cells
acute tubular necrosis
121
potato appearance
testicular seminoma
122
blue dot sign
torsion of testicular appendix (cremasteric reflex still present
123
TB drugs
2 RIPE 4 RI
2 months rifampicin isoniaside pyrazinamide ethambutol
4 months rifampicin isoniazide
124
DRS ABCDE
```
danger
response
shout for help
airways
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure
```
125
melanoma ABCDE
```
asymmetry
border
colour
diameter
evolution/elevation
```
126
BUFALO sepsis 6
```
bloods/all other relevant cultures
urine
fluids
antibiotics
lactate
oxygen
```
127
GET SMASHED pancreatitis
```
gall stones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorpion stings
hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP
drugs
```
128
bones of the hand starting from thumb in anatomical position top line
then back to thumb top line
```
Some -scaphoid
Lovers - lunate
Try - triquetrum
Positions - pisiform
top line:
That - trapezium
They - trapeziod
Cannot - capitate
Handle - hamate
```
129
Microcytic anaemia
Fe deficiency
130
Megaloblastic anaemia
Cant Be Fucked
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
131
Schilling test
B12 deficiency
132
bence jones protein
multiple myeloma
133
congo red staining
amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in myeloma and Al amyloidosis
134
atypical lymphocytes
EBV (mononucleosis)
135
fractured neck of humerus
axillary nerve damage
136
badge patch numbness
axillary nerve palsy
137
malar rash
SLE
| mitral stenosis
