3-1: Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a molecular formula?

Answer 1

• the actual number of atoms of each element
• C2H6

Question 2

What is structural formula?

Answer 2

• written atom by atom with attached hydrogens and functional groups
• CH3CH3

Question 3

What is displayed formula?

Answer 3

• drawn arrangement and all the bonds between them

Question 4

Empirical formulas

Answer 4

• simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
• CH3 (C2H6)

Question 5

What is skeletal formula?

Answer 5

• carbon skeleton only with functional groups

Question 6

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 6

R—CHO

C=O (-H) - double to O, single to H

Question 7

What is the functional group of a Ketone?

Answer 7

R—(C=O)—R

Question 8

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 8

R—(C=O)(OH)

Question 9

How will functional group carbons always be numbered

Answer 9

As their lowest possible number

Question 10

How do you order branches when writing an IUPAC name

Answer 10

Alphabetically

Question 11

What is the order of priority for functional groups for both numbering and naming?

Answer 11

• halogens (lowest)
• alkyl groups
• alkenes
• other functional groups (highest)

Question 12

What are the rules to using curly arrows?

Answer 12

• arrow starts at bond/lone pair
• points to atom on which bond is formed

Question 13

What are structural isomers?

Answer 13

Same molecular formula, different structural formula
- chain
- position
- functional group

Question 14

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 14

Same structural formula but a different arrangement in space

Question 15

What are the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules?

Answer 15

• higher atomic number has higher priority
• if atoms are the same, look to the next atom
• if two highest priority are on the same side, they are Z, opposite are E

Question 16

What do E/Z stereoisomers have to have?

Answer 16

• two different groups around each carbon atom

Question 17

Where is the lone pair and charge of a CN ion?

Answer 17

Over the carbon (-1 charge)

Question 18

Are prefixes referring to number such as di, tri and tetra included in the alphabetical rules of naming?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What is a nitrile group and how many covalent bonds does it have?

Answer 19

CN
Triple bond (3)

Question 20

What is an amine group?

Answer 20

NH2

Question 21

What are the characteristics of a homologous series?

Answer 21

• Same general formula
• same functional group
• similar chemical properties
• difference between one member to the next is CH

Question 22

Why does E/Z isomerism occur?

Answer 22

• result of restricting rotation around the planar carbon-carbon double bond

Question 23

What are chain isomers?

Answer 23

same function groups, different arrangement of carbon skeleton

Question 24

What are positional isomers?

Answer 24

same carbon skeleton, atoms or groups of atoms are attached to different carbon atoms

Question 25

What are functional isomers?

Answer 25

same atoms arranged into different functional groups