3/29 community ecology

Question 1

Species diversity
and feeding relationships questions to ask

Answer 1

How many different species? verity is important

Who’s dominant?

Question 2

Who’s dominant?
can be described as

Answer 2

most abundant
or highest biomass
(total weight)

Question 3

Community Structure

Answer 3

Species diversity
Keystone species
Ecological Succession

Question 4

Species diversity

Answer 4

greater diversity = greater stability

Question 5

Greater biodiversity offers:

Answer 5

more food
resources
more habitats
more resilience
in face of environmental change

Question 6

variation gene pools

Answer 6

what ever decreses the gene pool won’t have a big affect if there is a variety of them

Question 7

2 ways to compose species diversity

Answer 7

species richness
relative abundance

Question 8

species richness

Answer 8

number of diff species in a community

Question 9

relative abundance

Answer 9

how many are there of each organism in each species related to the other species

Question 10

The impact of reduced biodiversity

Answer 10

when diversity decreases its harder for plants to comeback from devestation

Question 11

biodiversity can change

Answer 11

ot

Question 12

understand food webs

Answer 12

and how to read them

Question 13

roles-

Answer 13

can be at more than 1 lvl

Question 14

grouping

Answer 14

specise with similar trophic relationship

Question 15

isolating

Answer 15

interacts very little with the rest on a food web

Question 16

limits

Answer 16

on food chain length becuase energy runs out

Question 17

Dominant Species

Answer 17

Species with a large impact
most abundant or have the highest biomass
Control over other species

Question 18

exploiting resources

Answer 18

outcompetes most in community

Question 19

avoiding predators

Answer 19

no predators exist in the community

Question 20

Invasive species

Answer 20

can become dominant

Question 21

biomass

Answer 21

weight

Question 22

abundance

Answer 22

large in numbers

Question 23

Species with a large impact:
Keystone species

Answer 23

A species that has a large effect on its environment relative to its abundance
A consumer organism (herbivore or carnivore)
Low biomass in numbers
they baiscally hold up the community

Question 24

Ecosystem engineers

Answer 24

AKA foundation species
redo landscape
cause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure

Question 25

Characterizing Disturbance

Answer 25

this can be a good or bad thing event that changes a community, removes organisms from it, and alters resource availability

Question 26

old idea of disturbance

Answer 26

Communities are in a state of equilibrium Climax community – superorganism

Question 27

recent idea for disturbance

Answer 27

nonequilibrium model Communities constantly changed by disturbance

Question 28

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis:

Answer 28

moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance

Question 29

high disturbance will be bad for

Answer 29

slow-growing species

Question 30

low disturbance will be bad because

Answer 30

dominant species vs. less competitive species

Question 31

understand graph on slied 41

Answer 31

new zeland stream

Question 32

Human Disturbance

Answer 32

they are the biggest disturbance and causes bad affects Reduces species diversity

Question 33

Fire adapted species

Answer 33

adaptations to survive and reproduce in areas than experience frequent fires

Question 34

Latitude

Answer 34

richness declines along equatorial-polar gradient

Question 35

Tropics to Polar

Answer 35

species richness declines

Question 36

why does richness decline

Answer 36

Evolutionary History Climate – primary cause

Question 37

Evolutionary History

Answer 37

Greater age = greater species richness Growing season never stops in the tropics and stops in polar area Restarts polar area restarts in warmer times

Question 38

Climate – primary cause for diverstiy

Answer 38

sun/solar energy Water / Evapotranspiration (evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants) intensity of sun dwindles

Question 39

Species-area curve

Answer 39

quantifies the idea that, all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species

Question 40

Island Equilibrium Model

Answer 40

Species richness depends on: - island size, distance from the mainland, immigration, and extinction Equilibrium model of island biogeography: - species richness levels off at a dynamic equilibrium point Larger area=large number of species

Question 41

there is a sweet spot fro

Answer 41

area vs birth and immigration

Question 42

islands are a little

Answer 42

diffrent

Question 43

Pathogens

Answer 43

alter community structure locally and globally

Question 44

Pathogens are

Question 45

Zoonotic Diseases

Answer 45

starts in animals Zoonotic pathogens - animals to humans vector Many emerging human diseases Identify hosts and vectors to prevent disease

Question 46

vector

Answer 46

transfer of pathogen