3rd set of slides 3/23

Question 1

increase reproduction may decrease

Answer 1

survival

Question 2

life history traits

Answer 2

-age at first reproduction
-# offspring produced each time
- number of reproductive cycles per lifetime

Question 3

life history traits are

Answer 3

all the traits that are going to affect an organism schedule of reproduction and survival

Question 4

why are life history traits important to understand for evolution

Answer 4

this is an important evolutionary concept because these evolutionary outcomes reflected on development,physiology and behaviors of an organism

Question 5

how does limited resources relate to trade offs

Answer 5

limited resources are going to lead to tradeoffs between reproduction and survivalor between the number and size of offsprings vs. the survival of the offspring or of the parents

Question 6

tradoffs

Answer 6

Number and size of offspring vs. survival of offspring or parent

Question 7

parental survvial ex

Answer 7

the cost of larger set of baby birds to both male and female parents

Question 8

K-selected (density-dependent) reproductive strategies life history traits

Answer 8

late reproduction
few offspring
invest a lot in raising offspring
primates

Question 9

k selected means

Answer 9

K-selected species are controlled more by carrying capacity

Question 10

r-selected (density-independent) life history traits

Answer 10

early reproduction
many offspring
little parental care

Question 11

r-selected means

Answer 11

R-selected species are influenced heavily by the maximum population growth rate, and exhibit large increases followed by large decreases in population numbers.

Question 12

limiting factors can be

Answer 12

density dependent or independent

Question 13

density dependent limiting facotrs are

Answer 13

-competition: food, mates, nesting sites
-predators, parasites, pathogens

Question 14

density independent limiting factors are

Answer 14

abiotic factors
sunlight (energy)
temperature
rainfall

Question 15

density dependent limiting factors

Answer 15

influnce pop. size

Question 16

density independent limiting facotors

Answer 16

does not effect pop.size birth rate and death rate do not change with pop. density

Question 17

most limiting factors are

Answer 17

density dependent birth rates fall and death rates rise

Question 18

density dependent populations are a

Answer 18

negative feedback
and its where pop. growth is going to be regulated with pop.density

Question 19

intrinsic factors

Answer 19

will regulate pop.size and is a physiological factor

ex. mouse can only feed 4 babies which will control the number of offsprings she will have

Question 20

population dynamics

Answer 20

are interactions with biotic and abiotic and how it affcts pop. size

Question 21

Abiotic factors
pop. dynamics

Answer 21

sunlight & temperature
precipitation / water
soil / nutrients

Question 22

Biotic factors
pop. dynamics

Answer 22

other living organisms
prey (food)
competitors
predators, parasites,
disease

Question 23

Intrinsic factors
pop. dynamics

Answer 23

adaptations

Question 24

Stability

Answer 24

Populations of large mammals relatively stable over time??? (usually)

Question 25

Fluctuation

Answer 25

weather and predator population can affect population size over time

Question 26

boom and bust cycle

Answer 26

With fewer predators, the prey population can increase again

Question 27

To maintain population stability, two configurations:

Answer 27

Zero population growth = High birth rate – High death rate Zero population growth =Low birth rate – Low death rate

Question 28

Demographic transition =

Answer 28

the move from the first state to the second state or moving from high birth rate to low death rate or to low birth rate to high death rate

Question 29

Age structure

Answer 29

is a diagram to predict growth trends and to see where an organism will be in the future LOkk and understand how to read them

Question 30

Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy

Answer 30

Both vary greatly among developed and developing countries Do not capture the wide range of the human condition only birth and death rate

Question 31

Global Carrying Capacity

Answer 31

How many humans can the biosphere support?

Question 32

Estimates of Carrying Capacity humans

Answer 32

Earth for humans is uncertain Average estimate is 10–15 billion

Question 33

Limits on Human Population Size is

Answer 33

One measure of how close we are to the carrying capacity of Earth Countries vary greatly We can regulate our growth, unlike others Ecological footprint concept

Question 34

Ecological footprint concept

Answer 34

aggregate land and water area needed to sustain the people of a nation