3/4Basic aspects of human health. Social factors of the health and disease – classification and mechanism of influence. Flashcards
What is WHO’s definition of health?
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health is important as it determines the welfare, self confidence, lifestyle
What are the Social Factors of Health and Disease?
1.Familial 2.Personal 3.Professional 4.Public 5.related to the health care services.
what are the mechanisms of influence on health
remember : social factors onto health can be categorized to be positive or negative and /or direct and indirect.
The negative impact is given with a direct cause of the disease, predisposition to disease and a certain way how a disease is transported from one individual to another.
What are the Health levels?
- Health of individual 2. Health of the group 3. Health of the population
What is individual health?
Individual health is the lowest level of health consisting of genetic, social, mental and physical health comnponents which is influenced by lifestyle and environment.
individual health is determined by a medical check up/ clinical lab parameters
can be: healthy, intermediate state,ill
3 components of indivudual health
physical; all organas are of unexeptional size and function properly
mental: satisfaction with self, good self control, get on well with others
social: see yourself as a member of a larger society
Factors of individual health (7)
Personal charateristics: age, sex, education
Family background
Occupational environment: overtime, type of work
Social environment
Plans for medicosocial health
Healthcare services
Sociomedical conclusion: risk factors
Explain the components/ scheme of individual health(6)
Genetic Base - Important component and determinant of health, physical, mental and social traits of every individual are determined by his genes
Social component - Ability to see oneself as a member of a larger society
Physical component – Physiological well-being including normal function organs and organ systems.
Mental component – Personal satisfaction with himself and is mental capabilities and has good self-control
Environment - Environmental factors are a root cause of a significant disease burden, particularly in developing countries
Lifestyle - Habits and attitudes to health play a significant role to well-being to individual overall health.
What are the 10 social determinants of health
SSSWUSAFET
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Social gradient: position on social ladder
- lower place= worse health
- tackled by health policies
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Social support
- support networks improve health
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Social Exclusion.
- Life is short where its quality is poor.
- hardship and resentment, poverty, social exclusion and discrimination costs life
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Work
- stress in work place increases disease risk
- control of work stress= better health
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Unemployment.
- Job security increases health, well-being and job satisfaction.
- Unemployment cause illness and premature death
- Stress
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Addiction.
- Individuals turn to alcohol, drugs (legal/ illegal) and tobacco and suffer from their use due to their social setting.
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Food
- political issue
- Global market controls food supply
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Early life:
- development & education
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Transport.
- Healthy transport means less driving and more walking and cycling, backed up by better and affordable public transport.
definition of disease & illness
Disease: biological & physical phenomena that manifest as changes & malfunctions of the human body
- can only be managed not cured
Illness: experience of the disease
- can usually be cured
dx is important as some diseases are w/o sx e.g. HTN
what is a disability
difficulty of a person to carry out basic activities
difference between active and passive diseases
active: when the dr seeks the patient for rx
passive: when the individual seeks medical help
what’s the iceberg of morbidity
high bp
diabetes
cervical cancer
the first 2 lead to a large degree of morbidity
only 1/3 of ppl w/ sx contact health care services
causes of lack of access to HC services iceberg of morbidity + influence to the public health system.
- > there are 2 barriers to access
a. geographical access - people living in the mountains have difficult access to HC
b. economical access - health insurance system allows access to the system but it poses as a problem because physicians are sometimes corrupt and over treat or charge more for additional treatments.
