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Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Health legislation

A

Set of all legal Regilative documents which control the variety of health care systems

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2
Q

What is public health

A

the health of a population living within one border of a country

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3
Q

What is public health international colla

A

Neighbour and workd nations come together to improve the health of their populations aswell as prevent any worsening of their condition

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4
Q

European health strategy

A

Healthier together in the EU

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5
Q

Surveillance method

A

Ongoing method of collecting. Interpretation. And analysing data essential to the planning, implementation and planning of public health practice

Sources of surveillance
vital records e.g birth records, infants mortality, divorce
Lab records

Passive surveillance
-gather data from potential reporting individuals

Active surveillance
- surveillance system gives stimulus to individuals in the form of personal feedback or other insentives

Sentinel surveillance
- randomly or intentionally selects a small group of individuals to gather it’s data from

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6
Q

Observation

A

Method of data involving being close to to things such that the observer can directly perceive and record the environment under study

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7
Q

social prophylaxis

A

social prophylaxis occurs After a social factor has been identifies & consists of the development of preventative programs that inhibit any kind of influence/impact by this factor

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8
Q

social therapy

A

introduction of sociotherapeutic factors with inclusion of positive factors that should promote re-establishment of health.

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9
Q

primary prophylaxis

A

interventions in the susceptible stage to reduce risk factors and prevent the occurence of disease

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10
Q

secondary prophylaxis

A

early detection of disease in order to prevent it’s progression
-screening, checkups, excercise

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11
Q

tertiary prophylaxis

A

full picture of disease is present and aim is the limitation of disability and provide rehabilitation

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12
Q

prevention

A

an activity that aims to eliminate risk factors

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13
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause of a disease

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14
Q

therapy

A

trying to positivley affect the person w/ the disease

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15
Q

SOCIAL ETIOLOGY

A

social risk factors that can causes diseases e.g.
- htn, smoking, obesty
most risk factors are social risk factors except genetic

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16
Q

SOCIAL PREVENTION

A

prevention of risk factors after they’ve been identified

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17
Q

SOCIAL THERAPY

A

removal of risk factors and the introduction of positive factors. e.g. excercise and diet
can potentially cure a disease

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18
Q

rehab

A

support pt’s after complete/ partial recovery of a disease using physical factors

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19
Q

SOCIAL REHAB

A

introduction of positive social factors to help individuals to progress to healthy life andre-introduction into society

the GPis responsible for the social rehab and gather’s a team especially for the pt and disease e.g.

child require paediatric consultant for the disease, social team, educators etc

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20
Q

health determinants (acc 2 who)

A
  • heredity
    -lifestyle
    public health services ,
    environment.
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21
Q

individual health

A

lowest level of health.
consists of
genetic, social, mental & physical health, which is influenced, by lifestyle & environment

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22
Q

Disease VS Illness

A

Disease: biological & physical phenomena that manifest as changes & malfunctions of the human body

can only be managed not cured

Illness: experience of the disease

can usually be cured

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23
Q

disability

A

difficulty of a person to carry out basic activities

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24
Q

Group health

A

⇒ the health of social and ethnic groups within a population

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25
Public health
⇒ the health of a population and a society as a whole living w/in the border of one country
26
morbidity
totality of all new and old registered diseases for a certain year for which medical help was searched for
27
demography
studies the characteristics of | the human populations e.g. size, growth, density, distribution, vital statistic
28
Medical Demography
studies the demographic processes closely related to the health of the population
29
population
demographic pop: number of people in a given area statisics pop: all the units in consideration
30
1)population STATIC:
``` studies ~size, ~distribution & ~structure of a pop by --age -- sex mainly uses the census ```
31
2)population DYNAMIC :
studies population change & the processes that influence that change uses registries 1)immigration 2)civil like birth and death 3)residence
32
census (every 10 years)
total process of collecting, compiling and publishing Demographic, Economic and Social data , at a specified time, to all persons in a country / delimited territory. In Bulgaria don’t have exact how many people are leaving. conducted by NATIONAL STATISTIC INSTITUTE BG uk= office for national statistics eurape EUROSTAT
33
law of 70 d/2 pop boom
used to calculate the notion of doubling time - if pop grows 1%/ year in 70 years it should have doubled it's original population - if 2% a year then it doubles in 70/2 years= 25 years
34
postulation pyramid.
Important to study ratio of children and elderly, and the dependent . Intrested in the work force and which part will go to elderly and retire. -expansive, stationary and constrictive
35
demographic ageing
shift in country's distribution toward older ages. shown by 1)increased mean population age, 2)decline fertility rates = decline in proportion of children 3) Increase in life expectancy=increase in elderly changes voting as elderly are most consistent. increase in age related health problems
36
what is the Demographic Transition Model
a model that describes the population DYNAMIC first described in the 1940s. presents four stages in the evolution of the population in a society and the 2 ways the change is shown change over space: as many countries at any one time can show population characteristics of different stages change over time: in theory countries progress through all stages at some time
37
health determinants according to ECHI
Personal and biological factors health behaviours Living and working conditions
38
Disability free life expectancy
= the no of remaining years that a person of a certain age is supposed to live w/o disability
39
demographic determinism' apocalyptic demography
when intervening values are ignored and media mis use demographic data to present a crisis w/o all the factual data
40
live birth
The complete expulsion  from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached;
41
Death -
The complete loss of function of the cerebral neocortex | and brain stem.
42
Maternal death
The death of a women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes
43
vital registration
the recording of key life cycle or vital events, According to the United Nations (2003) these are: “A live birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce, adoption, legitimation of birth, recognition of parenthood, annulment of marriage or legal separation.”
44
ICD
01 Certain infectious or parasitic diseases 02 Neoplasms 03 Diseases of the blood or blood-forming organs 04 Diseases of the immune system 05 Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases 06 Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders 07 Sleep-wake disorders 08 Diseases of the nervous system 09 Diseases of the visual system 10 Diseases of the ear or mastoid process 11 Diseases of the circulatory system 12 Diseases of the respiratory system 13 Diseases of the digestive system 14 Diseases of the skin 15 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue 16 Diseases of the genitourinary system 17 Conditions related to sexual health 18 Pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium 19 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 20 Developmental anomalies 21 Symptoms, signs or clinical findings, not elsewhere classified 22 Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes 23 External causes of morbidity or mortality 24 Factors influencing health status or contact with health services
45
Primary infertility
- The couple has never conceived, despite cohabitation and exposure to pregnancy for a period of 2 years.
46
Secondary infertility
The couple has previously conceived, but is subsequently unable to conceive despite cohabitation and exposure to pregnancy for a period of 2 years. If the woman has breast-fed a previous infant, then exposure to pregnancy is calculated from the end of lactational amenorroehea.
47
chance
the ratio something will happen
48
Ecological | Fallacy
interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong.
49
placebo
a pharmaceutical substance with NO ACTIVE INGREDIENT
50
double and triple blinding
double-blind study, neither the patients nor the researchers/doctors know which study group the patients are in. In a triple-blind study, the patients, clinicians and the people carrying out the statistical analysis do not know which treatment patients had.
51
Policy
principle or protocol to guide decisions & achieve rational outcomes
52
Health | strategy
Long- term goals - Sustainable - Constant over time Approved by council of Ministers after proposal of Minister of health • Adopted by National Assembly
53
Health policy
Short- term - Flexible - Detailed documents of how health strategy is achieved - Several policies needed to implement a Health strategy • Managed & implemented by Council of Ministers
54
Health | Management
Realisation of the priorities & achieving the results
55
maternal certificates
410 days => 90% of insurable income • 135 days with 3 medical certificates: • 45 days before the term - medical certificate from GP/OG • 42 days after birth –document of maternity given when being discharged from hospital • 48 days – medical certificate from the child's paediatrician • 275 days - paid by the NHI • Paid vacation until the child turns 2 years (minimal salary) • Single payment for the birth of a child - 250 Lev, (twins 500lev)
56
Family Anamnesis
information about disorders from which the direct blood relations have suffered from in the past.
57
what is medical establishments
Article 21 states 1) The health establishments are structures of the national system of health care in which medical and non-medical specialists carry activities related to preservation and building-up of the health of citizens. 2) Health establishments in the meaning of law are; - National centers for the problems of the public health - National Expert Physician Commission - Health Consulting Rooms under Art.26
58
what is health insurance
Health Insurance is a process of collecting health insurance fees, the management of resources and spending for healthcare activities and services
59
working capacity
state of an organisms to carry out theri work responsibilities
60
working incapacity
state of not being able to carry out work responsibilities d/2 -illness, injury, increased working conditions
61
permanent incapicty
pathological changes of a disease that have a progressive and or irreversible character rendering the person unable to work for a long time or forever
62
temporary incapacity
state of not a being able to work for a period of time but is expected to fully recover and work normally
63
partial capacty
can't work as usual
64
complete incapacity
can't work at all. require special regimen
65
dispensary
an active method for observation of the health status of the different groups of the population.
66
dispensarisation
complex of medical and public actions for active search, active observation and active recovery
67
Health management
methodical systematic control and improvements of business processes to achieve predetermines objectives. Regulation of a system by decreasing it’s entropy
68
management of human resources
rocess of effective utilization of the personnel in order to realize the aims of an organization at one hand + satisfaction of the needs + expectations of people at the other hand.
69
family planning
Refers to factors that may be considered by a couple in a committed relationship & each individual involved in deciding if & when to have children. Consider no. of children a couple wish to have & at what age they wish to have them
70
congenital abnormlaties
structural or functional anomalies present during intrauterine life and can be identified 1-prenatally 2-at birth 3- after birth
71
family
2 or more people living together related by birth, marriage or adoption unit of healthcare
72
family health
positive interaction of family members where EACH member ENJOYS OPTIMUM physical, socal , spiritual and mental wellbeing
73
interview
conversation betw interviewer and interviewee in order to ELICIT certain info can be closed open semiclosed
74
sociallogical survery
method whw=ere subjects respond to a series of statements or questions via 1. INQmethods- Questionaire 2. interview 3. surveillance methods- observation
75
questionaire
instrurent of medical research involving answering questions in writing and answering them in writing
76
5 req of questionaiire
relevant, accurate, have all req info, predise giving of certain info, easily understood,
77
Planning and organization Program of the scientific investigation
``` Aim Object Units of observation Indices of observation Place Time Statistical analyses Methodology ```
78
• Data are paired
when 2 or more measurements are made on the same observational unit (subjects, couples, and so on).
79
• Data are unpaired
where only one type of measurement is made on each unit.
80
Population
A collection of all possible individuals, objects or measurements of interest.
81
Sample
A portion (or part) of the population of interest
82
Descriptive statisti
The procedure used to organize and summarize masses of numerical data.
83
Variance
the measure of the variability between data
84
Standard deviation
uncertainty with which the sample mean estimates individual measurements
85
Standard Error of Mean (SEM)
measures the uncertainty with which the sample mean estimates a population mean.
86
CI FOR A POPULATION PROPORTI
statistical probability that a characteristic is likely to occur within the population.
87
probability
measures the likelihood an effect will occur 0-1
88
p value
measures how true a result by measuring how large the difference would be in a random sample if the null hypothesis IS TRUE in comparison to the difference in the study
89
standard error of proportion
square root of | (sample proportionx 100 - sample proportion) / total number of outcomes
90
health culture
good health and wellbeing that FLOURISHES across -geographic-demographic-social sectors and allows everyone in the COMMUNITY to make CHOICES that IMPROVE healthy LIFESTYLE
91
health behaviour
ACTIONS to MAINTAIN-ATTAIN-REGAIN good health and reflects the HEALTH VIEWS.
92
health education
process of INFORMING and MOTIVATING and HELPING people to maintain a HEALTHY L.S a n d ADVOCATES healthy environment by facilitating changes to ENFORCE the HEALTHY L.S a n d conducts TRAINING and RESEARCH to that end
93
autonomy
capacity for self determination - right to choose doc - right for further info
94
informed consent follows DUVAsteps disclosure understanding vuluntary agreement
process of the treating health care provider disclosing appropriate information to a COMPETANT pt in order for them to VOLUNTARILY accept or reject treatment
95
medical mistake
any preventable adverse effect of care regardless if it is EVIDENT or HARMFUL to the pt

Social Med Final Boss (15 decks)

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